During the last few months, ever years, in Spain, we have witnessed the worsening of the problem of Catalan nationalism and its claim to independence. Beyond the particularities of the Catalan issue, this question involves a broader need to restructuring a State capable of accommodating all regions in our country. This essay aims to look at the past and analyze how the Spanish Second Republic – a Democratic reference in current Spanish society – tried to rearticulate Spain’s regional and cultural diversity in such a tumultuous decade as that of the 1930s.

Global financial crisis that in 2008 struck the economy and revealed many structural problems for the first time after the Great Recession had developed countries with high debt level at its core. The world’s richest economies such as Spain, Italy, Portugal, United States, the UK and Japan found themselves at the brink of default. Meanwhile emerging markets remain a volatile area with high fluctuations in portfolio investment. Lower economic growth rate in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Brazil or México caused by a slump in commodity prices created a hole in national budgets. Therefore, within a framework of nonconventional monetary policy both developed and emerging nations resorted to measures of financial repression between 2009 and 2014 to alleviate public debt problem and generate additional revenue for the government. However, recent studies dedicated to the phenomenon ambiguously assess the role of financial repression in achieving more efficient results of internal regulation. This article contributes to further quantitative analysis of a joint effect of financial repression measures. The purpose of the study is to identify macroeconomic consequences of the policy on the growth rate of GDP and its components.

The article examines modern interpretations of the corporate law, taking into account the example of Spain. The current trends in the activities of the companies are analyzed, special attention is focused on the elaboration of codes of good governance of the companies, which become, in fact, an important part of the national legislations. It is noted that transparency, social responsibility and good governance are nowadays the most important requirements for the successful activity of the company, that contribute to increase its competitiveness in the market, as well as to strengthen its commercial reputation. Therefore, they promote the growth of the attractiveness of companies for investors, in the eyes of civil society and public authorities.

A playwright just like cartographe, cannot be neutral. Cartographer’s job consists in looking, selecting and representing on a map. A playwright does the same: looks, selects what to talk about and represents it on the stage.

The theme of the linguistic, cultural and historical peculiarities of the national variants of Spanish is acquiring importance. The study of the thematic system of phraseological units (PU) reconstructs the national linguistic image of the world. Every concrete example of PU exposes the specific ethnolinguistic character of the metaphorical imagining and presents the material for the investigation from the lingua-cultural approach.

The “chilenisms” are the target of our study phraseological. The analysis focuses in the synonymy and homonymy, changes phraseological. As the problems of the change and the border of the diffusion of locutions in different areas are not examined sufficiently neither equally, also that the thematic national idioms field is very dynamic and diverse, we realized also the survey of native speakers of the Chilean variant concerning the semantics and the connotations of PU, which indicate that many PU considered “chilenisms” in the lexicological dictionaries of the 80s of the XXth century are unknown or obsolescent, at the same time there are many that do not consist in the dictionaries. Summing up, the realized analysis demonstrates the urgent need to develop – to renew and to deepen – the lexicographical sources.

The article analyzes some characteristics of the phraseological locution with designation of black color and its negative and positive connotations in the modern Spanish.

This study proposes some ideas about simultaneous translation teaching from Spanish into Russian, using the texts and speeches video pronounced in Spanish language with all multimedia information pertaining to the speaker: ondemand video(s), the country statement, a summary of the statement, audio files.

The article examines the history of the formation of flamenco as an original art, which arose thanks to the merger of several musical trends. The main traditional elements of female and male costumes of the flamenco performers, characteristic features of the dance and its musical accompaniment are listed in the work. Named modern flamenco styles, which successfully exist and develop along with classical dance.

Spain’s higher education system is researched in the context of the globalization of contemporary international society life. The educational policy implemented in Spain is part of a strategy that is applied throughout the world to improve the knowledge and skills of the entire population, especially the new generation. The cooperation of Spain in the educational sphere with such countries, as the United States, Germany, Mexico, China and international organizations, represents practical interest for Russia, which is developing the public project «5-100» to increase the competitiveness of the leading Russian universities.

The presentation consists of two parts: the theoretical part presents the topic and proves the importance of studying phatic formulas from the communicative and methodological points of view; and the practical part contains sample assignments. It is a question of Spanish lexical units such as: vale, ¿vale?, ¿sabes?, ¿perdón?, ¡No me lo digas!, la verdad es que, mira, etc.

The article is dedicated to develop the motivation for Spanish language learning among aspiring linguists. For this purpose, a system of exercises to practice building words with prefixes is proposed to be used as an instrument. The knowledge of the prefix patterns would enhance students’ vocabulary. The article defines the most useful prefixes, and is based on works of Spanish and Russian linguists, as well as on the author’s own research. It describes the exercises system organized by units, which can be dealt in an independent way, and suggests examples to practice these exercises.

The phenomenon of enantiosemy is due to the semantic evolution of the word has resulted in the formation of an opposite meaning to the main meaning of the same. Are key elements of this process, the dualism of human thinking, the asymmetry of the linguistic sign, the meaning diffuse the root of the etymon and the inversion of the relation subject-object, among others. Sometimes, as a result of the diachronic variation of the nuclear meaning the word lose in a certain period of time its original meaning which recur with time in some phrases or syntactical constructions which form the word.
The lexical-semantic variants of a word count with nuclear common semes. Are opposed to them generally non-nuclear semes. The meaning of the enantiosemic word only you can reveal it from the context. The opposite meanings present a case of polysemy and form a single whole. The concepts that these words are complemented to designate objects, processes or phenomena, simultaneous or consecutive inextricably linked to each other.
In the present work, we analyze cases of nominative, grammatical and conversive enantiosemy of some nouns, pronouns, adverbs and verbs. The study was carried out on the basis of lexicographical, literary and journalistic examples.

The main objective of the research: The article analyzes a notion of a “national variant of multinational language” introduced by the academic G.V. Stepánov, as well as a classification of forms of modern multinational Spanish language as a linguistic system elaborated by the academic N. M. Fírsova.

The research methods and the methodology used: To conduct this research the author has been analyzing theoretical literature on the subject; examining constitutions and legislative acts related to political status of Spanish-speaking countries and regions; using materials collected while writing the doctoral thesis and author’s own experience obtained during her multiple trips to Spain and Latin American countries. Also, the following research methods have been used: descriptive, comparative, functional, structural and statistical methods, a tracking method for development of linguistic phenomena and a linguocultural analysis method.

The main findings of the research: 1. The existence in the modern world of multiple state structure forms, as well as often indeterminate legal status of a language within those forms, sometimes prevent us from determining which political formation should be viewed as an independent state and which language would be considered as an official / state one in each specific case. We believe some adjustments should be introduced to the classification of the existing Spanish language forms elaborated by the academic N. M. Fírsova. It is necessary to remove the “state language” characteristic from the P.I called “National Variant of Spanish Language” which will lead to replacing the term “national variant” with “regional variant”. 2. The ideas of political, religious, legal and other equality of any minority groups and communities that spread in the last decades and a so-called “transfer of Europe of the states to Europe of the regions” are gradually shattering the hierarchy of language forms in linguistics. Thus, the hierarchical status of the “dialect” rises to the level of the “national variant”. On the one hand, we propose to introduce the “prestige” characteristic of the language into the classification, and, on the other hand, to unify the notions of the “regional variant” and the “dialect” into a single category of the “regional variant”. 3. We propose to create a paragraph called “Subdialect” and consider it as the smallest territorial variety of a language. 4. We propose to consider a possibility of merging together the paragraphs II (“territorial variant”) and III (“territorial dialect”) of N.M.Fírsova’s classification.

The main conclusions: A new classification of language forms where the language represents a linguistic system with a new set of characteristics corresponding to each point is introduced for discussion. As a result, it is proposed to replace the term “multinational language” with the term “multi-variant language”.

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the methodology of professionally oriented teaching of the Spanish language on the material of a manual intended for senior students of the bachelor’s degree studying at the faculty of «Applied Economics and Commerce» in the field of preparation “Ecology and Nature Management”.

Texts of court judgements are especially difficult to understand by students of Spanish for specific purposes, not only because of legal terms, but also owing to their syntactic complexity. This study is dedicated to the main syntactic phenomena proper of the text of Spanish court judgements.