Basque radical nationalist organization, which used methods of terror and violence for achievement of the political goals consisting in creation of the independent Basque state, has declared its disarmament. Though ETA didn’t declare self-dissolution and intends to continue the activity in new conditions, its disarmament gives the grounds to hope that the era of the Basque nationalist terrorism in Spain proceeding half a century, has come to an end. Process of disarmament of ETA has been organized in the style,inherent for this group, combining elements of political public relations and a theatrical performance. Coordinates of the last eight caches which were in the French territory, where ETA stored weapons and explosives, have been transferred to the French authorities through intermediary volunteers. All political parties of the Basque Country, except for the People’s party ruling in Spain, have signed the manifesto in support of disarmament of ETA. The government of Spain has declared that the disarmament of ETA is a victory of the Spanish democracy and has urged this radical organization to dissolve itself. The future of ETA, however, remains not clear. It is declared «the internal discussion» about further prospects of the group. The vast majority of political forces of Spain of di erent orientation supports self-dissolution of ETA, considering it as an important condition of restoration of the peace and stability in the Basque Country.

The article dissects the problem of Catalan Nationalism. The author analyzes the historical development of Catalan nationalist movement. The article examines the relations between Spain and Catalonia up to the present time and makes attempts to propose the resolution of this problem.

The article examines how the discursive framework in the speeches of the leaders of Podemos party and its documents changed over several electoral cycles (2014- 2016). A particular attention is given to indirect instruments of political strife, such as communicational, educational and cultural which Podemos applied in order to persuade the electorate.

The article deals with three stage of Muslim immigration to Latin America. The author studies activities of Muslim communities in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and Mexico and gives the conclusion that Middle East immigrants made a contribution to the political, economic and cultural development of the region. The author gives his proposals to establish cooperation between great powers with a view to struggle international terrorism in Latin America.

This article is focused on the particularities of the Peruvian political development after the failure of A. Fujimori. His name embodies the consolidation of economy and slide toward authoritarianism which resulted in the acute crisis and the collapse of the regime. Subsequently, Perú started advancing along the democratic paradigm assuming the regular changes in power of political leaders regardless their ideological preferences according to the universally recognized norms and principles

The article analyzes the in uence of innovation cluster on the contemporary Chilean foreign policy which has traditionally been pragmatic and aimed at promotion of national interests, attracting foreign investments and new technologies. The Chilean experience of cooperation with other countries in the field of innovation, the use of international agreements and regional blocs is a national variation of the maximum application of all opportunities to improve its competitiveness and sustainability in the modern world, to overcome the economic threats

The fourth victory of Daniel Ortega and the Sandinist National Liberation Front (SNLF) (presidential election 2016, Nicaragua) secured a nickname “ the Family” among his close circle and the leadership of the Front. In addition, his in uential spouse, Mrs. Rosario Maurillo, who was nominated for vice-president, received the second most important governmental post. Presidential couple and the leadership of SNLF hold a tight grip on the governance of the country irrespective of fact, that the majority of ex-companions joined opposition and founded the Sandinist Renovation Movement (SRM). Uncompromising position taken by the former “ comandantes” towards ‘’the Family’’ undermines the legitimacy of the ruling party in the eyes of the international community. This, however, cannot in uence the further consolidation of power in the hands of ‘’the Family’’

The debate over the Mexican migrants issue has been intensi ed by Donald Trump’s election. His harsh statements have provoked a discussion on the US policy for Mexico, as well as on the migration regulation in the United States. However, the mass migration of the last quarter of XX - beginning of XXI centuries may be also readily associated with the social and demographic processes developed in Mexico throughout the 20th century. The dynamics of migratory activity followed the demographic changes. The internal causes of the Mexican migration analysis will allow more clarity in understanding contemporary migration interaction between the two neighboring countries.

Teaching / learning foreign languages in Spain has improved a signi cant functional change in recent years, motivated directly by the social changes, and especially, by immigration. To the group of students from more traditional and large pro le is added another, multinational, for whom Spanish is a foreign language. That implies the condition of bridge language. To attend these students causes some adjustments in the obligatory education and in a lesser level at the university. Considering this context of diversi cation of student´s pro le foreign language, the answer only can be encourage language teaching as the unique e ective method to promote social cohesion.

In the article on the basis of practical examples the author consideres a number of actual processes and features of grammatical character in a discourse of modern Spanish mass media.

The article considers the vestimentary description as a tool of public opinion manipulation in terms of the Spanish political discourse. The study sets out to show the mechanism of connotative meanings formation based on the neutral vocabulary that describes the public person’s dress.

Text of any party program is communicative that is it contains information that an author transfers to a recipient. This information can serve as a source of knowledge about phenomena and events as well as to be a source of a strong emotional impact on recipient encouraging him to act certain way. Since the emotional sphere is one of the levers that controls behaviour of any person, it is very important for the authors of the pre-election political programs to make an impact on readers and also make an ideological settingdesired for these authors.To use kilfully the mechanism of persuasiveness is to get electoral support of the electorate. One of such mechanisms used in the texts of the pre-election polititical programs is using of metaphors. Page 79 И. В. Смирнова79The political metaphor is very sensitive to events happening in the country and language of politics. It is one of the most signi cant and common methods of language manipulation that capable of long conserving in memory and making an impact on the recipient’s associative thinking. The use of metaphors in political discourse is mostly applied for manipulation of the electorate and their use is also a powerful persuasion technique.

XVI- XVII centuries were the «golden age» in the history of Spanish culture, which was largely due to the translation. Through translation into Spanish literature, the motifs and forms of lyrical and epic poetry, the themes of ancient and Italian plays, the knightly and pastoral novel, the novel genre have penetrated. The translation allowed the Spaniards to get acquainted with the ideas of humanists from di erent countries of Western and Central Europe. The translation contributed to the enrichment of the Spanish language.

The article is devoted to the study of the economic potential of the Spanish language, language that speak 500 million people in the modern world. The growing economic value of the Spanish language is determined by two main factors: rst, the process of economic, political and cultural globalization, and second, the development of the information society and its main attribute - the Internet.