Аргентинские левые активисты в Португальской революции: ибероамериканские революционные сети и формирование глобального повстанческого движения в 1960-1970-е годы

В статье рассматриваются связи, сложившиеся между левыми политическими организациями, действовавшими по обе стороны Атлантики в 1960–1970-е гг.: Революционной рабочей партией — Народно-революционной армией Аргентины (PRT–ERP) и Революционной партией пролетариата — Революционными бригадами Португалии (PRP–BR). Центральное место в исследовании занимает поездка в Лиссабон в марте 1975 г. делегации аргентинских активистов, которая служит отправной точкой для анализа политических целей и идейных ориентиров, способствовавших формированию материальных и символических связей между левыми активистами, действовавшими в различных странах Европы и Латинской Америки. Автор показывает, что эти контакты оказали существенное влияние на эволюцию политических взглядов и представлений о международном революционном процессе участников левых движений, а также во многом определили практические формы их политической деятельности. На основе анализа малоизученного в историографии сюжета раскрываются глубина и многонаправленный характер транснациональных связей, сыгравших важную роль в становлении проектов национального освобождения, получивших распространение во всём мире во второй половине XX века.

1. Barría Traverso D., Carreño Lara E. (2023) Welcome to Santiago. Commercial aviation relations between Chile and the socialist countries, 1970–1973, Cold War History, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 473–494. DOI: 10.1080/14682745.2023.2206649

2. Calloni S. (2001) Operación Cóndor: pacto criminal [Operation Condor: criminal pact], México, La Jornada, 293 p. (In Spanish)

3. Carnovale V. (2009) Los combatientes: Historia del PRT-ERP [The combatants: History of the PRT-ERP], Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI, 310 p. (In Spanish)

4. Casanova A. (2017) Sobre la contradicción dirigente en el Plan Cóndor [About Principal Contradiction In The “Plan Cóndor”], in Kirabaev N.S. (ed.) Anuario del Centro Cientifi co-Educativo de Investigaciones Latinoamericanas de la Universidad de Rusia de la Amistad de los Pueblos (RUDN University) [Yearbook of the Scientific and Educational Center for Latin American Studies of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia], Moscú, RUDN, pp. 139–152. (In Spanish)

5. Christiansen S. Scarlett Z. (eds.) (2013) The Third World in the global 1960s, Oxford, Berghahn Books, 223 p.

6. Churchill L. (2014) Becoming Tupamaros: Solidarity and transnational revolution in Uruguay and the United States, Nashville, Vanderbilt University Press, 206 p.

7. Duarte L. (2021) Expresiones del internacionalismo tercermundista en el contexto de los 60 globales: una mirada desde el Cono Sur [Expressions of Third World Internationalism in the Context of the Global 60s: A View from the Southern Cone], Esboços: histórias em contextos globais, no. 28, pp. 427–446. DOI: 10.5007/2175-7976.2021.e78270 (In Spanish)

8. Duarte L. (2023) La «vía chilena al socialismo» desde la óptica argentina del Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores-Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (PRT-ERP) [The «Chilean road to socialism» from the Argentine perspective of the Revolutionary Workers’ Party-People’s Revolutionary Army (PRT-ERP)], Historia Crítica, no. 90, pp. 101–123. DOI: 10.7440/histcrit90.2023.05 (In Spanish)

9. Duarte L. (2024) La biblioteca del PRT-ERP: militancia revolucionaria y circulación transnacional de libros durante los largos años 1960 [The PRT-ERP library: revolutionary militancy and transnational circulation of books during the long years of the 1960s], Archivos de Historia del Movimiento Obrero y La Izquierda, no. 23, pp. 129–151. DOI: 10.46688/ahmoi.n23.426 (In Spanish)

10. Duarte L. (2025) Imagined communisms: the Argentine new left and the construction of “Real socialism” in the 1960s/1970s, RUDN Journal Of World History , vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 201–221. DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2025-17-2-201-221

11. Ferreira A.S. (2015) Luta Armada em Portugal (1970-1974) [Armed Struggle in Portugal (1970-1974)], Tese de doutorado em Historia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 150 p. (In Portuguese)

12. Ferreira A.S. (2020) «Unir, Organizar, Armar»: O PRP durante o PREC [«Unite, Organize, Arm»: The PRP during the PREC], in Ferreira A. S., Madeira J. (eds.) As Esquerdas Radicais Ibéricas entre a Ditadura e a Democracia: Percursos Cruzados [The Iberian Radical Left between Dictatorship and Democracy: Crossed Paths], Lisboa, Almedina, pp. 87–97. (In Portuguese)

13. Gorriarán E. (2003) Memorias de Enrique Gorriarán Merlo: de los sesenta a La Tablada [Memoirs of Enrique Gorriarán Merlo: from the sixties to La Tablada], Buenos Aires, Planeta, 611 p. (In Spanish)

14. Gosse V. (2005). Rethinking the New Left: An Interpretative History, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 240 p.

15. Harmer T., Álvarez A.M. (eds.). (2021) Toward a Global History of Latin America’s Revolutionary Left, Gainesville, University of Florida Press, 314 p.

16. Kalter C. (2016). The Discovery of the Third World. Decolonization and the Rise of the New Left in France, c. 1950-1976, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 498 p.

17. Keeling D. J. (2020) Restructuring Argentina’s airline networks: Successes and challenges, Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 86, 102761. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102761

18. Langland V. (2018) Transnational connections of the global sixties as seen by a historian of Brazil, in Jian C. (ed.) The Routledge handbook of the global sixties: Between protest and nation-building, Abingdon, Routledge, pp. 15–26.

19. Manzano V. (2014) Argentina Tercer Mundo: Nueva Izquierda, emociones y política revolucionaria en las décadas de 1960 y 1970 [Argentina Third World: New Left, emotions and revolutionary politics in the 1960s and 1970s], Desarrollo Económico, no. 54, pp. 79–104. (In Spanish)

20. Marchesi A. (2019). Hacer la revolución: guerrillas latinoamericanas, de los años sesenta a la caída del Muro [Making the revolution: Latin American guerrillas, from the sixties to the fall of the Berlin Wall], Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI, 228 p. (In Spanish)

21. McSherry J.P. (2005) Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America, Maryland, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 320 p.

22. Monsálvez Araneda D.G. (2025). Pensar los largos años sesenta en América Latina a partir de los vínculos con los años cincuenta: Algunas notas para su comprensión desde el campo político, intelectual y de las izquierdas [Thinking about the long sixties in Latin America in terms of their links with the fifties: Some notes for understanding them from the political, intellectual and left-wing perspectives], Americanía: Revista de estudios latinoamericanos, no. 22, pp. 1–31. DOI: 10.46661/americania.10821 (In Spanish)

23. Nercesian I. (2013) La política en armas y las armas de la política, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay 1950-1970 [Politics in arms and the weapons of politics, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay 1950-1970], Buenos Aires, Clacso, 350 p. (In Spanish)

24. Noronha R. (2017) Anatomia de um golpe de Estado fracassado: 11 de março de 1975 [Anatomy of a failed coup d’état: March 11, 1975], Ler História, no. 69, pp. 71–87. DOI: 10.4000/lerhistoria.2487 (In Portuguese)

25. Paço A., Fontes J., Cabreira P., Varela R., della Santa R. (2019) O 25 de abril começou em África [April 25th began in Africa], Famalicão, Edições Húmus, 288 p. (In Portuguese)

26. Parrott R.J., Lawrence M.A. (2022) The Tricontinental Revolution: Third World Radicalism and the Cold War, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 249 p.

27. Scheuzger S. (2018) La historia contemporánea de México y la historia global: reflexiones acerca de los «sesenta globales» [The contemporary history of Mexico and global history: reflections on the «global sixties»], Historia Mexicana, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 313–358. DOI: 10.24201/hm.68il.3645 (In Spanish)

28. Secco L. (2005) 25 de abril de 1974: a Revolução dos Cravos [April 25, 1974: The Carnation Revolution], São Paulo, Companhia Editora Nacional, 91 p. (In Portuguese)

29. Seoane M. (1992) Todo o nada. La historia secreta y política del jefe guerrillero Mario Roberto Santucho [All or nothing. The secret and political history of guerrilla leader Mario Roberto Santucho], Buenos Aires, Planeta, 384 p. (In Spanish)

30. Slobodian Q. (2012) Foreign Front: Third World Politics in Sixties West Germany, Durham, Duke University Press, 320 p.

31. Svik P. (2020) Civil aviation and the globalization of the Cold War, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan, 245 p.

32. Varela R., Paço A., Alcântara J. (2014) A Revolução dos Cravos: revolução e democ_Outros_ racia, um debate [The Carnation Revolution: revolution and democracy, a debate], Tempos, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 212-229.