The article studies the parliamentary elections in Catalonia on 27th if September 2015, which were po-sitioned by the separatist forces as a referendum on the partition of this autonomous region from Spain. The author analyzes the standpoints of various political forces participating in the elections and the election results.

Adoption in 1978 of the new Constitution became a watershed between two Spains - old, dictatorial and modern, socially oriented, democratic. As a result of shown by leaders of the main political parties, labor unions and pragmatic part of the armed forces responsibility for the future of the country, the compromise solutions of a number of burning issues have been found that created necessary conditions for stable development of Spain for three next decades. Nevertheless over the years there were new problem knots which were distinctly shown during the financial and economic crisis 2008 which painfully struck across Spain, and the long-term depression which followed it. After the national elections to General Courts which took place on December 20, 2015 it became obvious that actually two-party system existing throughout the most part of the post-Franco period in Spain consigned to the past. It was succeeded by four-party system that excessively complicates process of formation of the stable government. In the practical plane there is a question of need to make changes into the existing Constitution of Spain (country federalization, fixing in the Fundamental law of the new civil and political rights and freedoms, revision of bases of an electoral system, reform of the Senate, etc.). The Catalan nationalism / separatism and corruption in the top echelons of power are distinguished from the burning issues of modern Spain. In article the conclusion is drawn that Spain faces a responsible choice today, on what way to go: or to continue the inertial movement on the route offered by the Spanish conservatives or to decide on changes, to initiate something similar to «the second transit» for what can call the left forces.

The article studies political ideological orientations and practical steps taken by Podemos party, which was founded in January 2014 and for a short time turned into an influential actor in Spanish politics. Special attention is given to the Podemos image metamorphoses, designed to satisfy the interests of various groups of population with different political orientations.

The report analyzes the features of political discourse, rhetorical techniques and marketing methods of the Spanish party Podemos , which in a short period of existence in the political arena of the country - little more than a year and a half after the official proclamation - has managed to achieve significant progress in the electoral field. Aims to win power, the party’s ideology appeal to the Spanish citizens , using simple , accessible and emotionally meaningful slogans , building on the achievements of cognitive psychology and linguistics. Attaches great importance to the effects on the public consciousness with the help of words and metaphors.

The surge of attention to the concept of human capital is now observed in the European countries,most affected by the protracted economic crisis started in 2008/2009 and suffered its severe consequences. These include Spain and Portugal. The range of measures that are meant to ensure the post-crisis developmentincludes programs aimed to improve the workforce quality and, above all, the human capital of the young people.

The article analyses some changes in the field of Russian-Spanish economic collaboration within the actual sanction period of 2014-2015. Sanctions соvered practically all areas of external economic interaction of both countries with particularly heavy impact on Russian import of Spanish agricultural goods and foodstuff, freezing activity of a number of joint-venture companies on the territory of Russian Federation, other negative consequences of the bilateral relations between the two countries. Whatever long the sanction period proved to be, both sides consider that, in any case, they shouldn’t weaken their firmness in discussing ways out of the present complex situation and should go on seeking directions and the so called “ supporting points” of further development of our mutual relations.

The processes of regional integration transform the model of traditional territorial nation-state, create favourable conditions for building- up of new macropolitical (macroregional) identity, and change the existing multiple identity of individual and collective state and non-state political actors. National (or national-state) identity as self-identification of the citizens as collective members of national-state community turns out especially vulnerable in the issue of regionalization. European integration with its unique decentralized multilevel system of governance has given new areas of transnational political interaction for subnational actors, in the first place for regional authorities. Seeking to increase their own actorness at national and supernational levels, regional authorities of the EU member- states use including various instruments of mobilizing of the territorial consciousness and of politicization of the ethnicity, aggregating the interests of the territory. The Spanish case is interesting due que the political system of the country is localized, and the model of governance is multi-level. Spain as one of the oldest European state is an example of unaccomplished nation-building by virtue of territorial diversity and significant influence of regional nationalisms. The factor of European integration proves itself visually in relation to Spain, affecting in a variety of ways, directly and/ or mediately upon directions and dynamics of political processes of different levels in the country, mechanisms and instruments of interethnic relations and of immigration of different culture background, construction of new national-state identity during the post-Francoist period, rise of regional nationalism and particularism, specific character of postimperial identity.

The article analyzes the main directions of expansion and location of Spanish multinationals in the economies of Latin America in the late XX - early XXI centuries. Particular attention is paid to the identification of the competitive advantages of Spanish companies, which would allow them to strengthen their position in the markets of Latin American countries in the post-crisis period.

The paper analyses recent trends in foreign policy of Latin-American countries, in particular their approaches to the cooperation with BRICS. The main attention is paid to the analysis of Brazilian policy towards BRICS. Brazil is the only country which represents Latin-American continent in BRICS and has excellent possibilities to enter “the club of the Great Powers”.

The article analyzes the process of renewal in the Ibero-American Community of Nations (IACN) initiated by its members in 2012. The paper also examines the changes that have occurred in the context of the Ibero-American relations during the existence of IACN, and led to its stagnation and the necessity of the reforming. The article also concludes on further trends of IACN.

The subject of research is connected with the possibility that in the near future on the economic world map there can appear a new trading bloc - Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the USA. In article are analyzed challenges and prospects from this contract for Ibero-American countries (Spain, Portugal and Latin American y Caribbean countries).

In 2015 the national society of International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in Colombia celebrated its first centenary. The article consists of an overview of the history of the Red Cross in Colombia, as well as an analysis of today’s challenges seen by a volunteer of the organization in Medellin, province of Antioquia.

The early 21st century saw a “boom” of presidential re-elections in Latin America. After almost a universal ban on re-election in the late 1980s - early 1990s, increasingly more countries amend their constitutions to authorize re-election of the head of state. The present article analyzes existing models of re-election of presidents in Latin America, examines the latest trends and changes in constitutions.

One of the main tendencies developing under the domination of great official languages and the international English is the resurrection of minor Roman languages, such as Occitan. The reason of their successful and increasing support by the local population is a psychological necessity to express, evolve and show their linguistic personality, to bring out the latent image of the world. The regional filologists work hard in order to stimulate, restore and normalize minor language structures.

Annotated article focuses on the presence of Occitania in Catalonia. Both regions are linked old and close linguistic and cultural ties. Aran language (subdialects modern Occitan language), one of the three official languages of the Aran Valley in Catalonia, is a means of self-identification of the inhabitants of the Aran Valley, perceive themselves as occitans.

The creative industries have one of the highest rates of the development in the modern economy. Researchers consider that these industries contain potential for the socio-economic development of countries and cities. The article examines the contribution of the creative industry to the economy of European Union countries. The research contains metodology of the selection and the analysis of key indicators of the cinema industry development of Spain (as one of the leader countries in the world in this field). The result of the work represents the classification of autonomous communities of Spain according to the development of local industry.

The article is dedicated to the phases of formation of the image of Spain in Russia: romantic, prevailed until the early twentieth century, «Soviet» associated with the civil war, and modern, based on the development of political contacts and personal observations. The influence of political, economic and cultural factors on the formation of lasting representation of the country as well as on the stereotypes is considered.

The article presents lexicographical analysis of words “tolerar” and “tolerancia” in Spanish, which allows us to follow paths of transformation of their fundamental meanings. Considered semantic changes are a reflection of deep processes that occur in the Spanish post-Christian society.

The present work touches on several structural differences between Russian and Portuguese which cause students to make typical mistakes while translating. Causes of mistakes with use of articles are analyzed, cases of wrong words order influenced by the student’s native language are examined, particularities of personal and possessive pronouns usage in address modes and desemantization of the word a gente are investigated. The alternation of anaphoric and cataphoric usage of personal pronouns in Russian and Portuguese phrases, structural distinctions in sentence construction, verbal structure in Portuguese versus nominal structure in Russian, the possibilities of metonymic transfer usage and abstract nouns translation in plural are examined. Separate paragraphs are devoted to demonstrative pronouns usage in anaphoric function, usage of articles o (a),-s in the pronominal function, alternation of perfect/imperfect, indicative/subjunctive modes, expressionof possessive relations with the verbs быть in Russian and ter in Portuguese, and of existential and spatial relations with the verbs быть in Russian and haver/ter in Portuguese are analyzed.

The author analyzes the XIII Congress MAPRYAL, which was held in Granada (Spain) in September, 2015. Special attention is paid to the review of the scientific activities of the Congress and the description of the cultural program.