The most bloody war in XX century in Europe is Civil War in Spain in 1936-1939. The end of this war according to francist terminology feels to March 1939, when «victorous» army of general-insurgent F. Franco entered Madrid. But upon republican part of Spain, end of the Civil War in one version is 1967, when the last regular army in the Oran valley (southern Catalonia) laid down its arms. According to the other version, end of the Civil War matches with abdication of head of the Republic in exile (L. ). Asha) is 1971. Until the present, Spain (according to surveys, more than 53.6 % of its citizens) celebrates key dates of the Spanish Republic like Day of the proclamation of the Republic, all the holidays of the Republic, uses the symbols of the Republic, for example, its tricolor. The biggest part of social organizations, registeres in Spanish Ministry of Internal Affairs, are of social-political orientation (veteran organizations, trade unions, political parties, even various discussion clubs belong to the Republican orientation). Seven of 17 Spanish autonomous regions are majority-Republican, but not monarchist by origin. The largest of them I will name: Catalonia, Basque Country, Navarra, Asturias, Andaluzia, Murcia.

The article is dedicated to little-known, almost not studied events, obscure even for spanish expert society, linked with struggle on the Northern front - the key phase of the Spanish Civil war. It discloses decisive moments of this struggle, after which the Civil War should be treated as finished, with negative result for the Republic.

Nothing is forgotten, no one is forgotten. Today, after more than 80 years after the tragic evens, the main resume, evident for each researcher of the Civil War in Spain is that there could be no winners or losers. Everyone suffers a defeat.

The paper deals with the degree of Spanish involvement in NATO, the financial dimension of this problem is being assessed. The article analyzes the consequences of the increase in defense expenditures.

Tourist flows from the Latin American countries to Russia increased significantly in 2018. This growth was mainly a result of the FIFA World Cup held in Russia and the huge interest in football in the Latin American countries, and not of a smart policy of the tourism brand promotion, infrastructure development or lowering the tours prices. However, this growth can give momentum to increasing the tourist flows in future.

The monarchy represenis a very imporiani insiiiuie in ihe life of ihe ciiizens of Spain and iis hisiory is an iniegral pari of ihe naiional hisiory of ihe couniry. The research focuses on ihe role played by ihe Spanish Royal Family in ihe life of ihe Spanish siaie, analyzed from ihe legal and insiiiuiional approach. How is ihe Royal Power disiribuied wiihin ihe framework of His Majesiy’s House, is ihe power of ihe King limiied in iime, does ihe King enjoy an auiheniic power or does he only fulfill ceriain funciions? The ariicle seeks answers io ihese and oiher guesiions, ihrowing lighi on ihe daily rouiine of ihe Spanish Royal House: whai incumbencies correspond io His Majesiy ihe King and whai are ihe criieries ihai govern iheir public behavior, whai code of conduci should be observed by ihe Siaff of ihe House of His Majesiy ihe King?

The aim of the present invesiigaiion is to identify particular characteristics of the reputation of members of the Royal families of Spain and the UK and comparison them. Analysis of the materials showed that the reputation of the two Royal families, as well as the families themselves, is very different. The Royal family of Britain has an impeccable reputation, and the reputation of the representatives of the Spanish monarchy has been repeatedly tested over the past ten years. However, since the accession of Philip VI to the throne, the reputation of the Bourbons began to recover gradually. What unites the two Royal families is the desire to preserve the crown and the approval of their subjects. Both dynasties try to maintain the image of the monarch as a source of enduring permanence in the changing Spain and the UK, as a symbol of unity and cohesion of the nation. The main task of each Royal house today is to preserve the prestige of the Institute. For subjects to consider them useful and necessary, nothing should undermine their image and reputation. Monarchies should keep up with the times.

In this article the author examines the semantics of the sociality of Portuguese anthroponyms and pronominal nouns. Language, functioning in a social environment, implements various kinds of contacts between members of a certain community. The semantics of anthroponyms and pronominal nouns reflected the evolution of the ethnos and the model of relations between members of society. The significance of sociality in a single Portuguese-speaking country has its own specifics related to the history of peoples.

Programs of studying foreign languages of modern universities take into account the formation of general cultural professional competence. The inclusion of cultural elements in learning is an important step in learning a foreign language at any level. Idiom plays a special role in creating a linguistic picture of the world and the formation of a second linguistic personality. Idioms with a component - the name of the items of kitchen utensils seem to us the most interesting.

This article aims to study, in an integrated way, how the Spanish party Podemos deals with the concepts of patriotism and nationalism in the sphere of the political discourse. The study examines what place in terms of cognitive linguistics the concepts of “homeland”, “patriotism”, “patriot”, “State”, “national flag” occupy in the rhetoric of the present political institution. The analysis reveals how the party has dealt with the problem of the Catalan independence movement applying the discursive theory and highlights the weaknesses of the Podemos communication strategy in this regard. The study is conducted on the basis of remarks made by the leaders of Podemos in Parliament, articles of relevance, as well as tweets issued by party spokesmen from 2014 to the beginning of 2018. The research methodology includes the discursive approach, the method of content analysis, the analysis of frames.

The investigation comes to the conclusion that Podemos develops a unique interpretation of the phenomenon “patriotism” in the Spanish social and cultural context. Podemos has been the first to connect the concept of “patriotism” with the possibility that citizens can take advantage of civil liberties and public service of their country.

The article deals with the investigation of the cognitive-pragmatic potential of substitutes in the Internet space as a new platform of language. As a research material we used the content of the forums of electronic periodicals, because of the fact that nowadays the forum has transformed to an important information-communication block, which reflect a special cluster of psychophysiological properties and essential qualities of the modern society. The forumers use a wide range of linguistic means and the lexical substitutes become one of the symbol-forming elements.

Bullfighting and wars, sun and waves, inevitable danger and careless rest make an inconsistent picture of Spain, which appears before us due to Ernest Hemingway’s labour. He was fond of this country, we shall try to understand, what for?