Lima: A Creole City, a Mestizo City

From a historical and cultural perspective, Lima, the capital of Peru, is a city of many contrasts whose past is inextricably intertwined with its present and future prosperity. Lima, like all Latin American cities, has a rich history that can be forgotten if its citizens fail to cherish it. Therefore, the literary works of different Peruvian authors and especially those of Raúl Porras Barrenechea are especially relevant: they are full of nostalgia, yet at the same time take a critical approach to the city’s history, which helps us contemplate Lima’s place in the world and the best course for its future development as the city is constantly transforming. Lima, a city of creole and mestizo origins, is a space that invites us to reflect on how it seeks to live up to its traditions and cultural legacy. From a contemporary city dweller’s point of view, citizens and authorities should work together to achieve greater prosperity and improve the quality of life, which is important for the future of not only Lima, but also Peru and Latin America.

1. Adins S., Rooney M. (2019) Las relaciones entre el Perú y Rusia: Revisión e interpretación desde las Relaciones Internacionales [Relations between Peru and Russia: Review and interpretation from the perspective of International Relations], Lima, Equis Equis S.A., 275 p. (In Spanish)

2. Basadre J. (1975) La vida y la Historia. Ensayos sobre personas, lugares y problemas [Life and History. Essays about people, places and problems], Lima, Fondo del Libro del Banco Industrial del Perú, 612 p. (In Spanish)

3. Bruce St. John R. (1999) La Política Exterior del Perú [Foreign Policy of Peru], Lima, Asociación de Funcionarios del Servicio Diplomático del Perú, 279 p. (In Spanish)

4. Del Busto J. A. (2006) Historia cronológica del Perú [Chronological history of Peru], Lima, Copé, 752 p. (In Spanish)

5. Gálvez J. (1943) Calles de Lima y meses del año [Streets of Lima and months of the year], Lima, International Petroleum Company, 163 p. (In Spanish)

6. Gamio F. (1971) La Municipalidad de Lima y la Emancipación, 1821 [The Municipality of Lima and Emancipation, 1821], Lima, Tipografía Peruana S.A., 298 р. (In Spanish)

7. Hampe T. (2009) Fray Melchor de Talamantes y Baeza, mercedario limeño, protomártir de la Independencia de México [Fray Melchor de Talamantes y Baeza, a Mercedarian from Lima, protomartyr of the Independence of Mexico], Iuris Tantum: Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, vol. 24, no. 20, p. 287–300. (In Spanish)

8. Laos C.A. (1929) Lima. La Ciudad de los Virreyes (El Libro Peruano) 1928–1929 [Lima. The City of the Viceroys (The Peruvian Book) 1928–1929], Lima, Editorial Del Perú, 848 p. (In Spanish)

9. Lohmann J. (2022) Lima: Las calles de la Ciudad de los Reyes [Lima: The streets of the City of Kings], Lima, Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 516 р. (In Spanish)

10. Macera P., Forns S. (2000) Nueva crónica del Perú. Siglo XX [A new Chronicle of Peru. 20th century], Lima, Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 591 p. (In Spanish)

11. Pinto-Bazurco R. (2021) El Elogio a los Libertadores. Presencia de José de San Martín y Simón Bolívar en la Universidad de San Marcos de Lima [Praise to the Liberators. Presence of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar at the University of San Marcos in Lima], Lima, UNMSM, 164 р. (In Spanish)

12. Porras R. (1965) Pequeña antología de Lima. El río, el puente y la alameda [A small anthology of Lima. The river, the bridge and the alley], Lima, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, 399 p. (In Spanish)

13. Porras R. (1969) El sentido tradicional en la literatura peruana [The traditional meaning in Peruvian literature], Lima, IRPB-UNMSM, 107 p. (In Spanish)

14. Reuter J. (1982) ¡Salvemos Lima! [Save Lima!], Lima, Oficina de Asuntos Culturales de COFIDE, 1982. 48 p. (In Spanish)

15. Tauro A. (2022) Elogio del libro y otros ensayos [In praise of the book and other essays], Lima, Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, 78 p. (In Spanish)

16. Vich V. (2021) Políticas culturales y ciudadanía: Estrategias simbólicas para tomar las calles [Cultural policies and citizens: Symbolic strategies to take to the streets], Lima, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 141 p. (In Spanish)

17. Whipple P. (2016) La gente decente de Lima y su resistencia al orden republicano [The decent people of Lima and their resistance to the Republican order], Lima, IEP, 220 р. (In Spanish)