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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2026-14-2-30-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-763</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОСОБЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANOTHER VIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Россия глазами Франсиско де Миранды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia in the Experiences of Francisco de Miranda</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7806-1628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бооркес</surname><given-names>К. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bohórquez</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кармен Л. Бооркес, д-р филос. наук, научный сотрудник Национального центра истории и Центра исследований имени Симона Боливара, президент Института исследований имени Франсиско де Миранды,</p><p>1060, Каракас, проспект Кота Миль, б/н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Carmen Bohórquez, PhD in Philosophy, Research Fellow at the National Center of History and the Center for Simón Bolívar Studies, President of the Francisco de Miranda Institute,</p><p>1060, Caracas, Cota Mil Avenue, w/n.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cabohorquez@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр истории; Центр исследований имени Симона Боливара; Институт исследований имени Франсиско де Миранды</institution><country>Венесуэла</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center of History; Center for Simón Bolívar Studies; Francisco de Miranda Institute</institution><country>Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бооркес К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бооркес К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bohórquez C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/763">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/763</self-uri><abstract><p>Франсиско де Миранда (1750–1816) стал первым политическим деятелем испанской Америки, осознавшим необходимость освобождения континента и право его народов на собственную идентичность и самостоятельный путь развития. Исходя из этих представлений, Миранда одним из первых сформулировал проекты освобождения испанских владений в Америке, предложив название будущего государства — Колумбия, которое должно было возникнуть после изгнания испанских войск, а также организовал первую освободительную экспедицию и разработал политические модели, впоследствии использованные лидерами борьбы за независимость. Переломным моментом в формировании взглядов Франсиско де Миранды стало его участие в освобождении Северной Америки в составе испанской армии в 1781–1783 гг. — именно тогда он решил посвятить свою жизнь освобождению Южной Америки. В поисках политических моделей, способных обеспечить благополучие народов континента, а также финансовой и дипломатической поддержки своего проекта Миранда посетил почти все страны Европы и часть Азии. Однако лишь в России, во времена правления Екатерины II, он встретил понимание своих замыслов. Российская императрица стала первым государственным деятелем, оказавшим моральную и материальную поддержку его политическому и военному проекту освобождения Южной Америки. На протяжении всей своей жизни Франсиско де Миранда тщательно документировал свою деятельность, ведя личный дневник и собирая официальные документы, газетные публикации и частную корреспонденцию, связанные с борьбой за независимость континента. Эти материалы составили Архив генерала Миранды, который в настоящее время включён ЮНЕСКО в реестр «Память мира».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Francisco de Miranda (1750–1816) was the first South American to become fully aware of the oppression that Spanish America endured, as well as the right of its inhabitants to a distinct identity and to pursue their own historical, political, and economic destiny—all of which had been continuously violated by the Spanish Crown since 1492. As a pioneer, he designed the first liberation projects for the continent and coined the name for the new nation: Colombia. This nation was to be born once the Crown’s armies were expelled from South American soil, an endeavor for which he organized the first liberating expedition and conceived political organization models that would later be implemented by the future liberators of Our America. His participation between 1781 and 1783 as a soldier of the Spanish Empire in the North American Wars of Independence forced him into a deep self-confrontation. This led to his decision to desert and dedicate the rest of his life to achieving the liberation of South America. To accomplish this, he focused on seeking governance models that would ensure the happiness of the people, alongside the necessary financing to organize a Liberating Expedition. With these goals in mind, he traveled across almost all of Europe and parts of Asia without finding any support for his liberating project, until he landed in Russia during the reign of Catherine the Great. She became the first ruler to understand and morally and financially support the political and military project of Miranda, the first liberator of South America, named by him as Colombia. Furthermore, Miranda recorded everything he experienced in a personal diary, preserving—alongside his own notes—every official, journalistic, or personal document he deemed relevant to that liberation project. Today, this collection constitutes the Archive of General Miranda, which has been declared a Memory of the World by UNESCO.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Миранда</kwd><kwd>Коломбейя</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>единство</kwd><kwd>независимость</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Екатерина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Miranda</kwd><kwd>Colombeia</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>union</kwd><kwd>independence</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Catherine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miranda, F de. (1929 a 1950) Archivo del General Miranda [General Miranda Archive].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miranda, F de. (1929 a 1950) Archivo del General Miranda [General Miranda Archive].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caracas, Ediciones de la Academia Nacional de la Historia, Tomo I al XXIII.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caracas, Ediciones de la Academia Nacional de la Historia, Tomo I al XXIII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miranda, F de. (1978 a 2007) Colombeia [Colombeia], Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República, Tomo I al XX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miranda, F de. (1978 a 2007) Colombeia [Colombeia], Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República, Tomo I al XX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miranda, F de. (2022) Colombeia [Colombeia], Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República. Tomo XXI, 930 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miranda, F de. (2022) Colombeia [Colombeia], Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República. Tomo XXI, 930 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miranda, F de. (2023) Colombeia [Colombeia], Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República, Tomo XXII, 1133 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miranda, F de. (2023) Colombeia [Colombeia], Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República, Tomo XXII, 1133 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miranda, F de. (2010) Colombeia [Colombeia], Francisco de Miranda, 26.06.2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miranda, F de. (2010) Colombeia [Colombeia], Francisco de Miranda, 26.06.2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">www.franciscodemiranda.org (fecha de acceso: 25.03.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">www.franciscodemiranda.org  (fecha de acceso: 25.03.2026)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
