cuadernosИбероамериканские тетрадиCuadernos Iberoamericanos2409-34162658-5219MGIMO10.46272/2409-3416-2025-13-4-181-200cuadernos-733Research ArticleИБЕРОАМЕРИКА: ОПЫТ ПРОШЛОГО И НАСТОЯЩЕЕ. ИСТОРИЯ. КУЛЬТУРА. ИСКУССТВОIBEROAMÉRICA: EXPERIENCIA DEL PASADO Y DEL PRESENTE. HISTORIA. CULTURA. ARTEПолевое исследование славянских диаспор в Южной Америке: трансформации в языковой системе (по данным экспедиции 2025 г. в Бразилии, Чили, Парагвае)Field Study of Slavic Diasporas in South America: Transformations in the Language System (According to the Results of an Expedition Carried Out in Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay in 2025)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-0039ПилипенкоГ. П.PilipenkoG. P.

Глеб Петрович Пилипенко, канд. филол. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела славянскогоязыкознания

119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект 32 А

Gleb P. Pilipenko, PhD (Philology), Senior Research Fellow

119334, Moscow, Leninskiy Prospekt, 32a

glebpilipenko@mail.ruИнститут славяноведения РАНРоссияInstitute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202520012026134181200Copyright © Пилипенко Г.П., 20262026Пилипенко Г.П.Pilipenko G.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/733

В статье представлены первые результаты лингвистической экспедиции к славянским диаспорам, проживающим в Бразилии, Чили, Парагвае, которая состоялась весной 2025 года. Цель исследования — документирование славянских языков переселенцев, установление диалектной основы изучаемой славянской речи, анализ сохранности и отражения в нарративах диалектных черт, свойственных той местности, откуда происходят первые славянские переселенцы. Полевое исследование проходило среди польского населения в Сан-Паулу и боснийцев в Сантусе (Бразилия), хорватов в Сантьяго, Икике и Антофагасте (Чили), русских, белорусов, поляков и украинцев в Энкарнасьоне, Фраме, Коронель-Богадо (Парагвай) при помощи методов полуструктурированных интервью. Все обследованные информанты являются представителями экономической миграции в страны Южной Америки. На основе устных нарративов, наиболее репрезентативных высказываний, записанных от собеседников на славянских языках, при использовании сопоставительного метода выясняется степень проникновения иноязычных элементов, уровень их адаптации, анализируются случаи переключения кода. Тематически нарративы связаны с характеристикой языковой ситуации как в прошлом, так и в настоящем, а также с культурными адаптационными механизмами, в том числе в сфере духовной и материальной культуры. С одной стороны, при адаптации испанских и португальских лексем устраняются нетипичные для конкретного славянского идиома фонетические явления. Морфологическая адаптация происходит за счет встраивания в уже существующие парадигмы склонения при устранении нетипичного исхода слова в именительном падеже. С другой стороны, в славянских идиомах присутствует интерференция из окружающих языков. Языковая компетенция информантов варьируется. При этом для всех информантов характерно включение испанских или португальских языковых элементов. Языковая ситуация везде имеет схожую тенденцию развития: на раннем этапе языками общения в семье были славянские, сегодня произошел языковой сдвиг в пользу испанского и португальского языков, что и диктует необходимость фиксации существующих славянских языков в изучаемом регионе.

The paper discusses the first results of a linguistic expedition to Slavic communities made in the spring of 2025. The study seeks to to document the Slavic languages of migrants, establish the dialectal basis of the Slavic speech under study, and analyze the preservation and reflection in narratives of dialectal features typical for the region that the first Slavic migrants came from. The fieldwork was done using semi-structured interviews among Polish speakers in São Paulo, Bosnian speakers in Santos (Brazil), Croatian speakers in Santiago, Iquique, and Antofagasta (Chile), Russian, Belarusian, Polish, and Ukrainian speakers in Encarnación, Fram, and Coronel Bogado (Paraguay). All respondents are representatives of economic migration who settled in South America. The degree of influence of foreign language items, their level of adaptation, as well as cases of code-switching were analyzed using the comparative method based on oral interviews and the most representative statements that the respondents made in Slavic languages. The narratives discussed a variety of topics, including the language situation in the past and present, as well as cultural adaptation mechanisms within both spiritual and material aspects of culture. On the one hand, when Spanish and Portuguese words are adapted, phonetic features that are atypical for a specific Slavic language are eliminated. Morphological adaptation occurs by integrating into existing declension paradigms and by eliminating the unusual endings of words in the nominative case. On the other hand, there is interference from other languages. The linguistic competence of respondents varies; still, all of them use Spanish or Portuguese elements. The linguistic situation shows a similar trend everywhere: early on Slavic languages were used for communication within families, whereas today there has been a linguistic shift in favor of Spanish and Portuguese, which calls for preservation of the existing Slavic languages in the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.