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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2025-13-3-123-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-710</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИБЕРОАМЕРИКА: ДУХОВНЫЕ ЦЕННОСТИ. ПОВСЕДНЕВНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IBERO-AMERICA: SPIRITUAL VALUES. EVERYDAY LIFE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О некоторых кубинских фразеологизмах: история, этимология и современность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On Some Cuban Idiomatic Expressions: History, Etymology and the Present</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4069-8641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кармона</surname><given-names>Вила</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Carmona</surname><given-names>Vila</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анай де ля Каридад Вила Кармона, старший преподаватель</p><p>143005, Московская область, г. Одинцово, Можайское шоссе, 153, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anay de la Caridad Vila Carmona, senior lecturer </p><p>143005, Moscow Oblast, Odintsovo, Mozhaiskoe shosse, 153, 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.vilakarmona@odin.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Дмитриевна Волкова, старший преподаватель</p><p>141700, Московская область, г. Долгопрудный, ул. Циолковского 11, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Volkova, senior lecturer</p><p>141700, Moscow Oblast, Dolgoprudnyi, Tsiolkovskogo street, 11, 18</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.volkova@odin.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Одинцовский филиал МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University (Odintsovo)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кармона В., Волкова А.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кармона В., Волкова А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Carmona V., Volkova A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/710">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/710</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье представляются пять кубинских фразеологических единиц с исторической и социолингвистической точек зрения. В исследовании использован междисциплинарный подход, объединяющий лингвистику с антропологией и историей. Используя смешанную методологию, авторы рассматривают фразеологизмы с точки зрения их формы и этимологии; предпринимается попытка проследить, как они отражают последствия колониализма, афрокубинские практики, народные легенды и популярную культуру, подчеркивается их функция как маркеров идентичности, хотя и с разной степенью распространения по регионам и возрастным группам. Также исследуется место данных фразеологических единиц в вокабуляре современных носителей как различных диалектов кубинского национального варианта испанского языка, так и других его национальных вариантов. Работа встраивается в традицию исследования кубинской фразеологии, но привносит новизну за счет применения инструментов корпусной лингвистики и опроса носителей различных национальных вариантов испанского языка, таким образом сочетая фольклористический, культурологический и социолингвистический подход. Вывод, к которому приходят авторы, заключается в выявлении некоторых факторов различной жизнеспособности фразеологических единиц: пословицы с устойчивой завершённой структурой и рифмой сохраняются лучше и имеют больший потенциал к распространению в других национальных вариантах испанского языка, чем контекстно-обусловленные поговорки, связанные с локальными реалиями. Также отмечаются поколенческие различия в употреблении данных фразеологических единиц, связанные с социокультурными изменениями. Подчеркивается устойчивость и эволюция этих выражений как неотъемлемой части языкового и культурного наследия Кубы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines five Cuban phraseological units from a historical and sociolinguistic perspective. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines linguistics with anthropology and history. Using mixed methodology, the authors analyze these expressions in terms of their form, etymology and their capacity to reflect the impact of colonialism, Afro-Cuban practices, folk legends and popular culture, while emphasizing their function as identity markers with varying degrees of regional and generational diffusion. Moreover, the study examines the role of these phraseological units in the vocabulary of contemporary speakers of various dialects of the Cuban national variety of Spanish, as well as speakers of other national varieties of the language. While the study is based on the tradition of Cuban phraseological research, it introduces innovations through the application of corpus linguistics tools and surveys conducted among speakers of different varieties of Spanish of different ages. The findings reveal several factors contributing to the vitality of phraseological units: proverbs with a well-established structure and rhyme are more persistent and have greater potential to be adopted in other national varieties of Spanish than context-dependent sayings connected to the local reality. The study also identifies generational differences in usage patterns associated with sociocultural changes. On balance, the research highlights the resilience and evolution of these expressions as integral components of Cuba’s linguistic and cultural heritage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пословица</kwd><kwd>поговорка</kwd><kwd>фразеологические единицы</kwd><kwd>кубинский национальный вариант испанского языка</kwd><kwd>маркер идентичности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proverb</kwd><kwd>saying</kwd><kwd>phraseological units</kwd><kwd>Cuban national variety of Spanish</kwd><kwd>identity marker</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfaro Echevarría L. (2007) La fraseología popular en el ámbito hispánico y en Cuba: algunas referencias históricas y bibliográficas necesarias [Popular Phraseology in the Hispanic World and Cuba: Some Necessary Historical and Bibliographical References], ISLAS, no. 154, pp. 143–159. 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