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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2025-13-2-83-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-688</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИБЕРОАМЕРИКА: ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ПРЕДМЕТНЫЙ МИР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IBERO-AMERICA: SPACE AND MATERIAL WORLD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пейзаж и культурная идентичность Испании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Landscape and Cultural Identity in Spain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-3311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гонсалес Труэба</surname><given-names>Х. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>González Trueba</surname><given-names>J. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хуан Хосе Гонсалес Труэба, доцент факультета географии, городского и регионального планировани</p><p>39005, Испания, Кантабрия, Сантандер, проспект Лос Кастрос </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juan José González Trueba, PhD in Geography at the Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning</p><p>39005, Spain, Cantabria, Santander, Los Castros Avenue </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juanjose.gleztrueba@unican.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Кантабрии</institution><country>Испания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Cantabria</institution><country>Spain</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гонсалес Труэба Х.Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гонсалес Труэба Х.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">González Trueba J.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/688">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/688</self-uri><abstract><p>Значение слова «пейзаж» менялось с течением времени и в итоге на сегодняшний день представляет собой сложный и многозначный концепт, интерпретация которого зависит от области применения и авторского взгляда. Пейзаж понимается как результат взаимосвязи пространства, времени и общественных взглядов, которые меняются на том или ином этапе исторического развития. Природный пейзаж существует как материальный образ, но также и воображаемый, интерпретируемый и изображаемый. Идентичность Испании имеет смысл познавать через ее земные и морские пейзажи. Гора, вершина, пустыня и пустошь, континентальные и морские воды, мягкий и суровый климат, сельская местность, города и посёлки — все они полны воспоминаний, чувств и значений, которые хранят в себе ключи к разгадке испанской самобытности.</p><p>Испанию невозможно почувствовать и понять без ее связи с морским простором: море является частью ее пространственных (географических), временных (исторических), культурных и жизненных условий. El Ser español — «Быть испанцем» всегда отмечено маркером «моря». Море — это отдельное культурное наследие, поэтому автор предлагает ввести новый специфический термин на испанском языке для обозначения «морского пейзажа» — maresaje. Испанский пейзаж имеет разные языки и прочтения. Путешественники, географы, поэты, художники, писатели и многие другие находили в пейзаже свою творческую судьбу, выстраивали личные и художественные отношения со своим видением пространства и природы. Пейзаж — это записная книжка, в которую заносится и переписывается путь общества; это — исторический тотализатор, но также и компас для определения курса, сохранения исторической памяти и защиты национальной идентичности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The meaning of the word landscape has gradually changed over time, to the point that today it has become a complex and polysemic concept, whose interpretation depends on the context, subject area and authors’ point of view. Landscape is understood to be the interconnection of space, time and society with their perception and expression in culture, infused in visible and invisible, material and immaterial ways. The natural landscape gives rise to the cultural landscape, which in turn includes the material, humanized, constructed and designed landscape, as well as the imagined, interpreted and depicted one. Spain should be experienced through its landscapes and the sea. Mountains, hills, deserts and wastelands, continental and marine waters, mild and harsh climate, countryside, towns and cities are all full of memories, feelings and meanings that hold the keys to unlocking Spain’s identity. It is impossible to imagine and experience Spain without the sea: it is part of its spatial (geographical), temporal (historical) and cultural life. El Ser español — «being Spanish» is always marked by the sea. The sea is an entire cultural heritage where particular attitudes, feelings and circumstances interact. The relevance of this heritage is such that it is necessary to propose a new specific Spanish term for a «seascape» — maresaje. The Spanish landscape has its own languages and different interpretations. Travelers, geographers, poets, artists, writers and many others have found their creative destiny in landscape, building a personal and artistic relationship with their vision of space and nature. Landscape is a notebook in which the path of a society is written and rewritten; it is a historical totalizer, but also a compass for charting a course, preserving historical memory, and protecting national identity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Испания</kwd><kwd>география</kwd><kwd>ландшафт</kwd><kwd>морской пейзаж</kwd><kwd>живопись</kwd><kwd>литературный пейзаж</kwd><kwd>стереотипы</kwd><kwd>культурный образ</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>geography</kwd><kwd>landscape</kwd><kwd>seascape</kwd><kwd>painting</kwd><kwd>literary landscape</kwd><kwd>stereotypes</kwd><kwd>cultural image</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astakhova E.V. (2023) [Spain as a metaphor], Moscow, MGIMO University / Eksmo, 287 p. 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