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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2025-13-1-103-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-675</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИБЕРОАМЕРИКА: ЧЕЛОВЕК. ОБЩЕСТВО. ЯЗЫК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IBERO-AMERICA: HUMANS. SOCIETY. LANGUAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трущобы в структуре городов Южной Америки: социальный аспект</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informal Settlements in South American Cities: The Social Dimension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-1763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краев</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraev</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Леонидович Краев, канд. филос. наук, независимый исследователь, автор телеграм-канала «Ла-Плата» (https://t.me/viento_lp),</p><p>610005, Киров, ул. Профсоюзная, 78-28.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg L. Kraev, PhD (Philosophy), independent researcher, author of the «La Plata» Telegram channel (https://t.me/viento_lp),</p><p>610005, Kirov, Profsoyuznaya street, 78-28.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>независимый исследователь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>independent researcher</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краев О.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краев О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kraev O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/675">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/675</self-uri><abstract><p>Темой настоящего исследования являются трущобы, их структура и внутреннее устройство. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны трущобные поселения южноамериканских стран: Уругвая, Аргентины и Бразилии. Автор ставит перед собой цель изучить феномен трущоб, представляющих собой неотъемлемую часть большинства крупных городов Южной Америки, с точки зрения природы и исторических обстоятельств их возникновения, социальных аспектов жизни их обитателей и влияния на окружающие их городские пространства. Источником фактологической базы являются полевые исследования в Монтевидео (районы Лесика, Вилья Колон и трущобное поселение Санта-Эухения), интервью с компетентным представителем сектора образования, взаимодействующим с детьми и их родителями из неблагополучных районов, а также доклады органов государственной власти о проблематике трущоб и проводимых в жизнь программах содействия уязвимым группам населения в изучаемых странах. Результатом исследования является обнаружение специфических паттернов возникновения трущоб и влияния трущобных поселений на окружающие пространства, а также формирование портрета их жителей. Делается вывод о том, что негативные коннотации, сопряженные с понятием трущоб, не отражают всей полноты этого феномена, имеющего в том числе и позитивные проявления, включая прочные социальные связи и потенциал оказания взаимопомощи внутри сообществ местных жителей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study focuses on slums, their structure and internal organization. The informal settlements in the South American countries of Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil have been chosen as the object of the study. The author aims to explore the phenomenon of slums, which are an integral part of most major cities in South America, from the point of view of the nature and historical circumstances of their emergence, the social aspects of their inhabitants’ life and their impact on the surrounding urban spaces. The evidence is derived from field research in Montevideo (Lezica and Villa Colón districts and the slum settlement of Santa Eugenia), an interview with a representative of the education sector who works with children and parents from disadvantaged neighborhoods, as well as government reports on the problems of slums and ongoing programs to support vulnerable populations in the countries studied. The research has led to the discovery of specific patterns of slum formation and of the impact of slum settlements on surrounding spaces, and has helped to document the profile of slum dwellers. The author concludes that the negative connotations associated with the concept of slums do not fully reflect this phenomenon, which has positive manifestations, including strong social ties and the potential for mutual assistance within the communities of local residents.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трущобы</kwd><kwd>Южная Америка</kwd><kwd>маргинальность</kwd><kwd>самоорганизация</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd><kwd>нищета</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>informal settlements</kwd><kwd>South America</kwd><kwd>marginality</kwd><kwd>self-organization</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd><kwd>poverty</kwd><kwd>education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горшенёв Д.С. (2017) Религия в культуре современной Бразилии: ценностные основания конституционного права, Известия Иркутского государственного университета. 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