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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2024-12-3-80-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-644</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИБЕРОАМЕРИКА: ТРАДИЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IBERO-AMERICA: TRADITIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Символика каталонского национализма: зарождение, сохранение и трансформация</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Symbolism of Catalan Nationalism: Origin, Preservation and Transformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2344-7780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Андреевна Кузина, младший научный сотрудник,</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Kuzina, Junior Researcher,</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninsky prospekt, 32a.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliyamare@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузина Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/644">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/644</self-uri><abstract><p>Национальная символика являет собой неотъемлемую часть национальной идентичности. Символы нации, такие как флаги, гербы и праздники, служат обязательными инструментами формирования и укрепления коллективной идентичности. Конструирование каталонскими интеллектуалами, стремившимися к возрождению каталанского языка и литературы, участниками движения Ренашенса, местных национальных символов относится преимущественно ко второй половине XIX в., при этом полностью символика каталонского национализма оформилась по истечении первых двух десятилетий XX в. Среди символов богатого и многогранного каталонского культурного наследия выделяются Национальный день Каталонии / Диада (11 сентября), флаг саньера, гимн «Жнецы», танец сардана, головной убор барретина, аббатство и гора Монсеррат, культ Святого Георгия и др. Установление в Испании диктатуры Мигеля Примо де Риверы в 1923 г. повлекло за собой серьезные ограничения для представителей творческой интеллигенции Каталонии, что негативно влияло на их профессиональную жизнь и дальнейшее развитие всего региона вплоть до 1931 г., когда была провозглашена Вторая Испанская Республика и страна переживала культурный подъем. В результате победы франкистов в Гражданской войне 1936–1939 гг. и проводившейся франкистским режимом в контексте общей унификации и усиления централизации государства репрессивной политики в отношении Каталонии, ее культурной автономии, языка и традиций целый ряд каталонских национальных символов приобрел новые смыслы и трагическое звучание. Следующий этап трансформации символики каталонского национализма был связан с демократическим транзитом после смерти Ф. Франко, новым расцветом культуры в стране и влиянием доминирующего в современной Испании либерального дискурса. Возникнув во второй половине XIX – начале XX в., национальные символы Каталонии в наши дни продолжают активно использоваться, сохраняя свою актуальность и значимость для каталонского общества. Они относятся к ключевым атрибутам каталонской идентичности и представляют собой важные составляющие историко-культурного наследия данного региона Испании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>National symbols, such as flags, coats of arms and holidays are an essential part of national identity and a fundamental tool for forging collective identity. Catalan intellectuals who participated in the Renaixença movement with a view to reviving the Catalan language and literature sought to establish Catalan national symbols in the second half of the 19th century, although it was not until 1920s that the symbols system of Catalan nationalism was fully developed. The symbols of the rich and diverse Catalan cultural heritage include the National Day of Catalonia, or Diada (September 11th), the senyera flag, the anthem «Els Segadors», the sardana dance, the traditional hat called the barretina, the Montserrat Abbey and mountain, the cult of Saint George. When Miguel Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship was established in Spain in 1923, restrictions were imposed on Catalan intellectuals, which affected their professional life and the development of the whole region. The situation changed in 1931 when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed and the country experienced a cultural boom. Following the victory in the Civil War of 1936–1939, Franco’s regime implemented a repressive policy towards Catalonia, its cultural autonomy, language and traditions. As a result of the measures taken to unify and centralize the state many Catalan symbols took on a tragic meaning. The democratic transition, the new cultural boom and the liberal discourse that dominates contemporary Spain marked a new stage in the evolution of Catalan symbols. The national symbols that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century are still important for Catalan society, its identity, historical and cultural heritage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Каталония</kwd><kwd>символика</kwd><kwd>каталонизм</kwd><kwd>Диада</kwd><kwd>саньера</kwd><kwd>сардана</kwd><kwd>барретина</kwd><kwd>Монсеррат</kwd><kwd>Святой Георгий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Catalonia</kwd><kwd>symbolism</kwd><kwd>Catalanism</kwd><kwd>Diada</kwd><kwd>senyera</kwd><kwd>sardana</kwd><kwd>barretina</kwd><kwd>Montserrat</kwd><kwd>St. George</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андерсон Б. 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