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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2024-12-3-14-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-641</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИБЕРОАМЕРИКА: ТРАДИЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IBERO-AMERICA: TRADITIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Магическое видение мира коренных народов Америки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Magical Cosmovision of the Native Peoples of America</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агилар Монтальво</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aguilar Montalvo</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Энрике Агилар Монтальво, президент, </p><p>170150, Пичинча, Кито, ул. Рейна Виктория, N26-50.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Enrique Aguilar Montalvo, President, </p><p>170150, Pichincha, Quito, Reina Victoria street, N26-50.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pueblosdeamerica@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Фонд «Народы Америки» (Эквадор)</institution><country>Эквадор</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples of America Foundation, Ecuador</institution><country>Ecuador</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агилар Монтальво Э., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агилар Монтальво Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aguilar Montalvo E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/641">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/641</self-uri><abstract><p>Важную роль в становлении магического видения мира коренных народов Америки сыграли общее происхождение (первые жители континента, который теперь мы называем Америкой, вероятно, пришли с крайнего севера Азии, из Сибири, во время последнего ледникового периода), тесное взаимодействие с природой и осмысление своеобразия открывшегося им окружающего мира. Новая географическая среда, непростые условия жизни, стремление выжить в них рождали мифы и магические традиции, которые находили воплощение в различных ритуалах, церемониях, обрядах, в культовых песнопениях и танцах, в подношениях богам. Тогда же появились мифы о сотворении мира и происхождении человека, дополненные особыми культами, которые помогали поддерживать тесную связь с новой средой обитания. Коренные народы создали целый пантеон божеств для каждого события, для каждого факта своего существования, демонстрируя, что, хотя они и отличаются от сверхсуществ, будучи смертными, но говорят с ними на одном языке и просят защиты, пропитания и покровительства. Так создавалась как бы параллельная вселенная, в которой до сих пор практикуются магические традиции и ритуалы, помогающие адаптироваться и выживать, в том числе и в современном мире. Вмешательство католической церкви в эпоху Конкисты, ее влияние на культуру и традиционные верования привели к религиозному синкретизму, основанному на новой интерпретации существовавших культов, причем даже среди самых ярых приверженцев традиционных верований. Новые религиозные ритуалы и обряды, вобравшие в себя христианскую доктрину, представители коренных народов стали проводить в тех же местах, где их предки молились языческим богам. Так, образы христианских святых и сама христианская литургия, проводимая в храмах, строящихся католической церковью, наложились на магические представления автохтонного населения об общем происхождении и об окружающем мире. Христианская доктрина трансформировалась, вобрав в себя церемонии традиционных верований коренных народов, поскольку именно эти ритуалы помогают им существовать.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The first inhabitants of America must have come from Siberia, from the extreme north of Asia, and entered the American continent during the last glaciation, which began 110,000 years ago and ended around 10,000 BP. They had a magical worldview, felt closely connected to nature, and expressed their way of thinking through various rituals, ceremonies, offerings, songs, melodies and dances, while the new environment prompted them to create traditions, cults, and myths about their origin. At the same time, the indigenous people of America introduced a pantheon of deities for each event, for each fact of their existence, hence demonstrating that although humans are different because they are mortals, they speak the same language as their deities and ask them for sustenance and protection. In Mesoamerica and the Andean region, there are groups that still perform ceremonies and rituals to honor different deities. The indigenous world of America has been sustained in a parallel dimension where magical traditions and rituals help people to adapt and survive in the modern world. However, the religious interference of the Catholic Church during the Spanish colonial period affected indigenous groups, even the most radical ones, and led to a syncretism based on a new understanding of traditions. Nowadays, people perform rituals in the same snow-capped mountains where their ancestors worshipped deities and communicated with them. Images of Christian saints and the liturgy conducted in temples built by the Catholic Church were combined with the magical ideas of the indigenous population about common origin and the world. Thus, Christian doctrine transformed by incorporating traditional beliefs and ceremonies of the indigenous peoples, as it is these rituals that help them live harmoniously.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магическое мышление</kwd><kwd>коренные народы Америки</kwd><kwd>божества</kwd><kwd>обряд поклонения</kwd><kwd>мифология</kwd><kwd>песни</kwd><kwd>танцы</kwd><kwd>синкретизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magical thinking</kwd><kwd>native peoples of America</kwd><kwd>deities</kwd><kwd>religious homage</kwd><kwd>mythology</kwd><kwd>songs</kwd><kwd>dances</kwd><kwd>syncretism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Редакция «Ибероамериканских тетрадей» благодарит президента Фонда «Народы Америки» (Эквадор) г-на Энрике Агилара Монтальво за предоставленную возможность опубликовать его научную работу, которая во многом основана на собственных полевых исследованиях и личном опыте.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The editorial team of Iberoamerican Papers expresses their gratitude to Enrique Aguilar Montalvo, President of the Peoples of America Foundation (Ecuador) for the possibility to publish his analytical essay, which is based largely on his own field research and personal experience.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguilar Montalvo E. 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