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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2024-12-2-182-208</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-632</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯЗЫК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LANGUAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Голоса прошлого, эхо настоящего: влияние индейских языков Латинской Америки на современный испанский язык</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voices of the Past, Echoes of the Present: The Influence of the Amerindian Languages of Latin America on Modern Spanish</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-4550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Николаевич Гуров, канд. филол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры испанского языка,</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Gurov, PhD (Philology), Associate Professor of the Department of Spanish,</p><p>119454, Moscow, prospect Vernadskogo, 76.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gurovan@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуров А.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуров А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/632">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/632</self-uri><abstract><p>Языки коренных народов Латинской Америки, ставшие частью исторического и культурного наследия, не только отражают многовековые традиции и мировоззрение народов региона, но и оказывают непосредственное влияние на грамматическую структуру и лексический строй испанского языка. В Латинской Америке насчитывается свыше 400 различных автохтонных языков. Наиболее распространенными по-прежнему являются: кечуа, гуарани, науатль, аймара, мапуче, майя. Следствием испанской колонизации Америки стал процесс взаимодействия между испанским языком и субстратом, что привело к сложной языковой интерференции. Несмотря на обширные исследования (Р. Ленц, П. Энрикес Уренья, А. Розенблат и др.), демонстрирующие влияние субстрата на формирование национальных вариантов испанского языка в Латинской Америке, некоторые ученые говорят о несущественности этого влияния (А. Алонсо, Б. Малмберг). Чтобы понять глубину воздействия субстрата на испанский язык, важно проводить анализ устойчивых языковых проявлений не только в стандартизированных вариантах испанского языка, но и в рамках исторических и современных двуязычных контекстов, учитывая социолингвистическую динамику языкового взаимодействия: тип туземного общества, подвергшегося колонизации, а также уровень консолидации испаноязычного общества на конкретной территории. Сочетание этих двух параметров привело к формированию различных вариантов межъязыковых контактов: от незначительного языкового обмена (ряд лексических заимствований) в Восточной межтропической зоне до насыщения регионального варианта испанского языка грамматическими, лексическими и стилистическими особенностями субстрата (Парагвай, предгорья Анд). Среди морфологических и синтаксических явлений, возникших в результате взаимодействия языков коренных народов Латинской Америки с испанским языком в трех наиболее репрезентативных регионах (Гватемале, Парагвае и странах Андского региона), стоит выделить: расхождения при использовании клитик и посессивных конструкций, нарушения в согласовании рода и числа существительных, замену сослагательного наклонения изъявительным, использование двойных отрицаний и т.д. Исследование подтверждает, что испанский язык в Латинской Америке, подвергаясь воздействию индейских языков, не просто адаптируется, но формирует характерный территориальный вариант, который обогащен уникальными лингвистическими чертами. Индигенизация проявляется на всех уровнях языковой структуры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The indigenous languages of Latin America, which have become part of the historical and cultural heritage, not only reflect the centuries-old traditions and worldview of the peoples of the region, but also have a direct influence on the grammatical and lexical structure of Spanish.</p><p>There are over 400 different indigenous languages in Latin America. The most widespread are still Quechua, Guarani, Nahuatl, Aymara, Mapuche, Maya. The Spanish colonization of the Americas resulted in a process of interaction between the Spanish language and the substrate, resulting in complex linguistic interference.</p><p>Despite extensive research (R. Lenz, P. Enriquez Ureña, A. Rosenblat, etc.) that reveals the influence of substrate on the formation of Spanish dialects in Latin America, some scientists say that this influence is insignificant (A. Alonso, B. Malmberg). To understand the depth of substrate influence on Spanish, it is important to analyse stable linguistic manifestations not only in standardised variants of Spanish, but also within historical and contemporary bilingual contexts, taking into account the sociolinguistic dynamics of interaction: the type of native society that was colonised and the level of consolidation of Spanish-speaking society in a particular territory. The combination of these two parameters led to the formation of different variants of interlingual contacts: from insignificant language exchange (a number of lexical borrowings) in the Eastern Intertropical Zone, to saturation of the regional variant of Spanish with grammatical, lexical and stylistic features of the substrate (Paraguay, Andean foothills). The interaction between the indigenous languages of Latin America and Spanish in the three most representative regions (Guatemala, Paraguay and the Andean countries) brought about the use of the following morphological and syntactic phenomena: discrepancies in the use of clitics and possessive constructions, irregularities in the agreement in gender and number of nouns, replacement of the Subjunctive Mood with the Indicative, use of double negations etc. The study confirms that Spanish in Latin America, when exposed to Amerindian languages, does not simply adapt, but forms a characteristic territorial variant that is enriched with unique linguistic features. Indigenisation is manifested at all levels of the linguistic structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>субстрат</kwd><kwd>индигенизация</kwd><kwd>языковое взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>билингвальная среда</kwd><kwd>национальные варианты испанского языка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>substrate</kwd><kwd>indigenization</kwd><kwd>language interaction</kwd><kwd>bilingual environment</kwd><kwd>Spanish dialects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградов В.С. (1994) Лексикология испанского языка, Высшая школа, 191 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradov V.S. (1994) Leksikologija ispanskogo jazyka [Lexicology of Spanish], Moscow, Vysshaja shkola, 191 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов Г.В. 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