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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2024-12-2-164-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАНИЦЫ ИСТОРИИ ДИПЛОМАТИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF DIPLOMACY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу об установлении дипломатических отношений между Российской империей и Португальским королевством</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Portugal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9142-3545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолович</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolovich</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Николаевич Ермолович, соискатель; второй секретарь Историко-документального департамента,</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76;</p><p>119200, Москва, Смоленская-Сенная площадь, 32/34.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Ermolovich, degree seeker; second secretary of the Historical and Documentary Department,</p><p>119454, Moscow, prospect Vernadskogo, 76;</p><p>119200 Moscow, Smolenskaya-Sennaya square, 32/34.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dm.yermolovich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД России; МИД России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO University); Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермолович Д.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермолович Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermolovich D.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/631">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/631</self-uri><abstract><p>Дипломатические отношения между Россией и Португалией были установлены относительно поздно. В ряде публикаций это явление объясняется зачастую географической удаленностью стран друг от друга, что является некоторым упрощением вопроса. Влияние географического фактора неоспоримо, однако сам по себе он плохо объясняет, например, почему Российская империя установила официальные отношения с Испанией примерно на шестьдесят лет раньше, чем с королевским двором в Лиссабоне. Представляется, что большую роль в этом вопросе сыграли международная конъюнктура и факторы внутреннего развития обоих государств. Португалия еще в конце XV – начале XVI в. распространила сферу своих интересов далеко за пределы своего родного региона на Южную Америку, Африку, Индию и Дальний Восток. В итоге ограниченность ресурсов страны в сочетании с необходимостью обеспечения сохранности обширной колониальной империи предопределили ее зависимость от Великобритании, гарантировавшей ее безопасность. В XVIII в. издержки такой зависимости перевесили потенциальные выгоды. Россия же в XVIII в. была мощным, динамично развивающимся государством, активно изменявшим классическую расстановку сил в Европе и заинтересованным в развитии морской торговли. Об установлении отношений с Португалией задумывались еще при Петре I, но реализовать эту задачу удалось только ближе к концу столетия при Екатерине II. Географический фактор действительно оказал значительное влияние на затягивание процесса взаимного признания, однако решающее значение в конечном счете имели совпадение интересов двух стран и благоприятная международная конъюнктура.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Russia and Portugal established diplomatic relations relatively late. Some researchers indicate geography as the main cause; however, geography alone could hardly explain why, for instance, the Russian Empire established official relations with Spain approximately sixty years before it did with the Portuguese Royal Court. As it seems, the international situation and factors related to both states’ domestic development were at play. Back in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portugal considered regions far beyond Europe, such as South America, Africa, India and the Far East to be its sphere of interests. As a result, the country’s limited resources, combined with the need to ensure the preservation of the vast colonial empire, predetermined its dependence on Great Britain for defense. In the 18th century, the costs of such dependence outweighed the potential benefits. Meanwhile, Russia in the 18th century was a powerful and dynamic state which sought to change the traditional balance of power in Europe and develop maritime trade. The idea of establishing relations with Portugal was already considered under Peter I, yet it was not until late 18th century that the Russian Empire succeeded under Catherine II. The geographical factor did have a significant impact on delaying mutual recognition; still it was the two countries’ converging interests and the favorable international situation that proved to be crucial.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история Португалии</kwd><kwd>российско-португальские отношения</kwd><kwd>дипломатия Российской империи</kwd><kwd>история международных отношений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of Portugal</kwd><kwd>Russia-Portugal relations</kwd><kwd>diplomacy of the Russian Empire</kwd><kwd>history of international relations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альперович М.С. (1988) У истоков русско-португальских отношений (вторая половина XVIII – начало XIX века), Новая и новейшая история, № 1, c. 65–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alperovich M.S (1988). 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