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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-164-183</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНТЕРВЬЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О латиноамериканском  фольклоре: истоки, жанры, своеобразие</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Latin American Folklore: Roots, Genres, Uniqueness</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-9343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кофман</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kofman</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Андрей Федорович Кофман, д-р филол. наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, заведующий Отделом литератур Европы и Америки Новейшего времени.</p><p>121069, Москва, ул. Поварская 25а.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Andrey F. Kofman, Doctor of Philology, Deputy Director, Head of the Department of Modern European and American Literature. </p><p>121069, Russia, Moscow, Povarskaya street, 25a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.kofman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой литературы имени А.М. Горького РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>183</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кофман А.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кофман А.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kofman A.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/562">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/562</self-uri><abstract><p>Понятие «латиноамериканский фольклор» — огромное и разнородное явление, состоящее из разных слоев, что было определено историческими условиями его формирования, бытования и эволюции. Особое место в этой картине занимает креольский фольклор, который восходит своими истоками к испанской народной поэзии, привнесенной в Америку в колониальный период. Специфический характер исторических и социально-экономических обстоятельств, в которых происходило формирование креольского фольклора, обусловил его позднее становление, тесную связь с профессиональной литературой, коренное преображение и переосмысление исходной испанской песенно-поэтической народной традиции. В результате синкретизации креольский фольклор вобрал в себя разнородные элементы индейского и африканского народного творчества. Основные жанры креольского фольклора: романс, десима (глосса) и копла; они прошли причудливую эволюцию с момента возникновения в Испании и затем уже в Новом Свете. Характер и содержание фольклорных мотивов и сюжетов, отражающих коллективное сознание и психологию латиноамериканцев, обусловил особый опыт жизни в американских колониях, где такие качества, как отвага, мужество, агрессивность, насилие, во многом стали нормой бытия. Одновременно шла фольклоризация романтической поэзии, ее тематическое упрощение и приспособление для бытования в коллективной среде. Народная песенно-поэтическая традиция, особенно куплеты и романсы, приобретали искусственную манерную сентиментальность. Романтические песни достигли большой популярности и в настоящее время существуют в разных жанрах в разных странах Латинской и Карибской Америки. Формы креольского фольклора ждут своего изучения с учетом новых социальных условий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Latin American folklore is a heterogeneous phenomenon, encompassing different levels, which has been determined by the historical conditions of its formation, existence and evolution. The so-called folklore criollo, which dates back to the Spanish folk poetry brought by the Spaniards to America during the colonial period, is an important part of the Latin American folklore. The specific character of historical and socio-economic circumstances that influenced the formation of the folklore criollo, explain its relatively late formation, as well as the transformation and reinterpretation of the original Spanish popular poetic tradition. As a result of syncretisation, Creole folklore has incorporated various elements of the folk art of the indigenous peoples, including those of African origin. The main genres of Creole folklore are romance, décima (glossa) and copla, which have evolved since their birth in Spain and later in the New World, where they came with waves of Spanish immigrants. The specific conditions of life in the American colonies, in which such psychological qualities as courage, bravery, aggressive ness and violence became the norm of existence, determined the content, motifs and plot of folklore. At the same time, romantic poetry was «folklorised», it was adapted to the collective environment, its themes were simplified. Folk songs and romances were given a sentimental, artificially dramatic character of exaggerated suffering. Romantic songs have achieved great popularity, as they exist today in different Latin American countries in different forms or genres, namely the corrido, the song ranchera, the yaraví, the mulisa, among others. The example of the folklorisation of the romantic style was the tango song that was formed in Argentina and Uruguay as a massive amateur composition in the 1920s. Different genres of Creole folklore are present with their own specificity in all Latin American and Caribbean countries and deserve new studies taking into account new conditions of social and human development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>латиноамериканский фольклор</kwd><kwd>испаноязычная народная поэзия</kwd><kwd>креольский фольклор</kwd><kwd>национальный художественный образ мира</kwd><kwd>испанская колонизация Америки</kwd><kwd>фольклорные жанры</kwd><kwd>романс</kwd><kwd>десима</kwd><kwd>копла</kwd><kwd>специфика традиции</kwd><kwd>исторический опыт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Latin American folklore</kwd><kwd>Hispanic folk poetry</kwd><kwd>Creole folklore</kwd><kwd>national artistic worldview</kwd><kwd>Spanish colonization of America</kwd><kwd>folklore genres</kwd><kwd>romance</kwd><kwd>décima</kwd><kwd>copla</kwd><kwd>specificity of tradition</kwd><kwd>historical experience</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Земсков В.Б. 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