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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-146-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Малые жанры испанского фольклора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Small Genres of Spanish Folklore</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баканова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Валентиновна Баканова, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иберо-романского языкознания.</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, ул. Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 51.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Bakanova, PhD (Philology), Associate professor of the Department of Iberian Romance Linguistics.</p><p>119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory street, 1-51.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asia_sim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баканова А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баканова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakanova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/561">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/561</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются малые жанровые формы испанского фольклора с опорой на разработанную отечественными исследователями жанровую классификацию. Формирование испанской системы жанров произошло под влиянием западной и восточной фольклорной традиции, а сама Испания неоднократно выполняла функцию культурного посредника. В отношении терминологии наблюдаются расхождения в подходах испанских и отечественных фольклористов: в испанской традиции отсутствует устойчивое выделение группы жанров по принципу небольшого объема. Так, пословицы и поговорки изучаются в рамках фразеологии, загадки, считалки, скороговорки и другие тексты — как пример детского фольклорного творчества. Однако такие признаки, как изменчивость формы и многофункциональность, позволяют исследовать подобные тексты в рамках единого подхода. Начиная с XV в. и в течение нескольких веков малые жанры привлекают особое внимание испанских собирателей, появляются авторитетные сборники крылатых выражений и афоризмов, пословицы и поговорки используются лингвистами как пример правильного языкового узуса. Тематически proverbios и refranes затрагивают темы, значимые для духовной и хозяйственной жизни человека, отражая исторические периоды и социальные институты прошлого; в современном узусе значение паремий может подвергаться переосмыслению. Испанский детский фольклор представлен такими жанрами, как oraciones, inicios de juego, formulillas variadas, trabalenguas, adivinanzas и acertijos, наиболее многофункциональными из которых являются загадки. Жанрам детского фольклора свойственна особо прочная географическая привязка, ярко иллюстрирующая процессы межпоколенной преемственности, сохранения и передачи национальных традиций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the small genres of Spanish folklore. Genre is the main form of study in folklore; it translates a certain life experience of the people. The formation of the Spanish genre system was influenced both by Western and Eastern folklore traditions, and Spain itself has repeatedly served as a cultural intermediary. Spanish and Russian folklorists do not share the same take on terminology: Spanish researchers do not typically classify groups of genres according to their volume, therefore proverbs and sayings are studied as part of phraseology, whereas riddles, rhymes, tongue twisters and other texts are perceived as an example of children’s folklore creativity. However, variability of form and versatility of such texts allow us to study them within the framework of a single approach. Since the 15th century small genres have attracted special attention of Spanish scientists; authoritative collections of popular expressions and aphorisms have been published. Proverbs and sayings are also used by linguists as an example of the correct language usage. Thematically, proverbios and refranes touch on topics significant for the spiritual and economic life of a person, reflecting historical periods and social institutions of the past; at the same time, in modern usage, the meaning of paroemias can be reinterpreted. Spanish children’s folklore is represented by such genres as oraciones, inicios de juego, formulillas variadas, trabalenguas, adivinanzas, acertijos, and riddles are the most multifunctional type of them. The genres of children’s folklore are characterized by a particularly strong geographical reference that vividly illustrates the processes of intergenerational continuity, as well as preservation and transmission of national traditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>испанский язык</kwd><kwd>испанский фольклор</kwd><kwd>малые жанры</kwd><kwd>пословица</kwd><kwd>поговорка</kwd><kwd>загадка</kwd><kwd>считалка</kwd><kwd>скороговорка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spanish</kwd><kwd>Spanish folklore</kwd><kwd>small genres</kwd><kwd>paroemia</kwd><kwd>proverb</kwd><kwd>saying</kwd><kwd>riddle</kwd><kwd>tongue twister</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аникин В.П. (2004) Теория фольклора, Москва, Издательство КДУ, 431 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anikin V.P. 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