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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-2-168-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-541</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сотрудничество СССР и Никарагуа в условиях Сандинистской революции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cooperation  Between the USSR and Nicaragua in the Conditions of the Sandinista Revolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-3062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранов Андрей Владимирович - доктор политических наук, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры политологии и политического управления.</p><p>350040, Краснодар, ул. Ставропольская, 149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Baranov - Doctor of Political Science, Doctor of History, Professor at Political Science and Political Management Department, Kuban State University.</p><p>350040, Krasnodar, Stavropolskaya street, 149</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranovandrew@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранов А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/541">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/541</self-uri><abstract><p>Основные направления сотрудничества СССР и Никарагуа сложились  в  условиях Сандинистской революции 1979–1990 гг. Курс внешней политики СССР в отношении революционной Никарагуа имел как геополитические, так и идеологические мотивации. Никарагуа была также перспективным плацдармом для установления революционных режимов, вышедших из-под контроля США, в других странах Центральной Америки. Учитывалось, что страна занимает ключевую позицию для проведения межокеанского канала, альтернативного Панамскому.</p><p>В советской литературе 1980-х гг. Сандинистская революция рассматривалась как национально-освободительная, антиимпериалистическая, а не социалистическая. Советские эксперты положительно оценивали стратегический союз Сандинистского фронта национального освобождения (СФНО) со сторонниками революции из числа верующих. Сандинизм расценивался ими в качестве эффективной, хотя и противоречивой революционной идеологии.</p><p>Аргументируется периодизация советской внешней политики в отношении Никарагуа на протяжении 1979–1990 гг.: установление отношений сотрудничества (1979–1981 гг.), наивысший подъем сотрудничества (1982–1987 гг.), сворачивание сотрудничества в рамках политики национального примирения (1987 – начало 1990-х гг.). Основным фактором динамики отношений являлись стратегические интересы СССР в Центральной Америке, которые кардинально изменились под воздействием перестройки. Поражение СФНО на выборах 1990 г. стало во многом результатом деидеологизации советской внешней политики и краха социализма в странах Восточной Европы. Данная тема актуальна для исследований советской внешней политики в странах Латинской Америки в экономическом, военном, идеологическом и социокультурном аспектах, что позволяет также выявить предпосылки возобновления сотрудничества Российской Федерации и Никарагуа в постсоветский период истории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article defines the preconditions and main directions of cooperation between the USSR and Nicaragua in the conditions of the Sandinista revolution in 1979–1990. The topic of the article is relevant for studies of Soviet foreign policy in Latin America in economic, military, ideological and socio-cultural aspects, and it also allows to identify the prerequisites for the return to cooperation between the Russian Federation and Nicaragua in the post-Soviet period of history. The article applies the paradigm of neorealism in international studies, which makes it possible to determine the resources of influence, interests and institutional framework of the USSR’s foreign policy towards Nicaragua, to compare the declared and real tasks of foreign policy. Comparative-historical and structural-functional methods are used.</p><p>The course of the Soviet foreign policy towards revolutionary Nicaragua had both geopolitical and ideological motivations. Nicaragua was a promising springboard for the establishment of revolutionary regimes in other countries of Central America. The country also occupied a key position for the construction of an inter-oceanic canal, an alternative to the Panama Canal. In Soviet literature of the 1980s the Sandinista revolution was seen as national-liberation, anti-imperialist, but not socialist. Soviet experts positively assessed the strategic alliance of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) with the supporters of the revolution among the believers. Sandinism was regarded as an effective, albeit controversial, revolutionary ideology. The periodization of the Soviet foreign policy towards Nicaragua during 1979–1990 is substantiated: the establishment of cooperation relations (1979–1981), the highest point in cooperation (1982–1987), the curtailment of cooperation as the national reconciliation policy (1987–early 1990) was unfolding. The main factor in the dynamics of bilateral relations were the strategic interests of the USSR in Central America, which changed dramatically under the influence of perestroika. The defeat of the FSLN in the 1990 elections was largely the result of the Soviet foreign policy deideologization and the collapse of socialism in the Eastern European countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>Никарагуа</kwd><kwd>сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика</kwd><kwd>Сандинистская революция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>Nicaragua</kwd><kwd>сooperation</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Sandinista revolution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатьев О.К. (1979) Штурм Тискапы. Никарагуанская хроника. Политиздат, Москва. 80 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams J.S. 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