<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-12-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Военные правительства в странах Южного конуса в период холодной войны: почему между ними не было войн?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South America’s military governments during the Cold War: a discussion of inter-state warfare</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санчес</surname><given-names>Уайлдер Алехандро</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sánchez</surname><given-names>Wilder Alejandro</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Уайлдер Алехандро Санчес, аналитик по вопросам обороны и геополитики</p><p>DC 20016, Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, п/я 9747</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Wilder Alejandro Sánchez, analyst on defence and geopolits</p><p>DC 20016, Washington, D.C., P.O. Box 9747</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A.wilder.sanchez@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Санчес У.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Санчес У.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sánchez W.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/497">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract><p>В период холодной войны в Южной Америке существовали десятки правительств, возглавляемых военными. В одних странах они продержались всего несколько дней или недель, в то время как в других военные находились у власти годы и даже десятилетия. Нарушения прав человека, осуществлявшиеся военными правительствами, в том числе во времена «Грязной войны» в Аргентине, хорошо изучены. Однако без внимания остается тот факт, что в период, когда у власти во многих странах Южной Америки находились военные, в регионе практически не было межгосударственных конфликтов. Фолклендская (Мальвинская) война между Великобританией и Аргентиной была единственным случаем, когда Аргентина – южноамериканская страна с военным правительством − объявила войну Великобритании. Еще одним межгосударственным конфликтом в регионе стала война 1981 года между Эквадором и Перу, в результате которой в обоих государствах к власти в конечном итоге пришли гражданские лица. В период холодной войны было больше инцидентов, которые могли бы спровоцировать межгосударственные войны в южноамериканских странах, но серьезных военных конфликтов удалось избежать. У государств данного региона были (и все еще остаются) причины для начала военных действий, особенно в целях возвращения утраченных или спорных территорий. Несмотря на это, автор приходит к выводу, что в изучаемый период войн в южноамериканских государствах практически не случалось. В данной статье делается попытка ответить на вопрос, почему южноамериканские государства не нападали друг на друга в неспокойные годы холодной войны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the Cold War, dozens of military governments existed in South America. Some lasted only days or weeks, while others lasted years and even decades. The human rights abuses carried out by these military governments have been well analysed, like Argentina’s Dirty War. However, an interesting fact about this period tends to be ignored: inter-state warfare between South American states, even during military governments, was very scarce. The Falklands / Malvinas war is the only case of a South American military government, Argentina, beginning a war against another state, the United Kingdom. There were other incidents that could have caused inter-state warfare during this era, but war was avoided. The only other inter-state war during the Cold War in South America happened in 1981 between Ecuador and Peru, both being under civilian rule. There were (and still are) reasons for South American states to attack one another, particularly to regain lost or disputed territory; however, as this essay demonstrates, war was almost non-existent. This essay will discuss why South American military governments did not attack their neighbours during this turbulent period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Военное правительство</kwd><kwd>военная хунта</kwd><kwd>Южная Америка</kwd><kwd>война</kwd><kwd>межгосударственный конфликт</kwd><kwd>военно-гражданские отношения</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Military government</kwd><kwd>military junta</kwd><kwd>South America</kwd><kwd>war</kwd><kwd>inter-state war</kwd><kwd>civil-military relations</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrão, Paulo. A 40 años del condor. De las coordinaciones represivas a la construcción de las políticas públicas regionales en derechos humanos. Montevideo: SV, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrão, Paulo. A 40 años del condor. De las coordinaciones represivas a la construcción de las políticas públicas regionales en derechos humanos. Montevideo: SV, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barros, Sebastian. “Violencia de Estado e identidades políticas. Argentina durante el Proceso de Reorganización Militar (1976–1983).” Amnis 3 (September 2003). https://doi.org/10.4000/amnis.454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barros, Sebastian. “Violencia de Estado e identidades políticas. Argentina durante el Proceso de Reorganización Militar (1976–1983).” Amnis 3 (September 2003). https://doi.org/10.4000/amnis.454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonilla, Adrian. Ecuador−Peru: Horizontes de la negociacion y el conflcto. Quito: Rispergraf, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonilla, Adrian. Ecuador−Peru: Horizontes de la negociacion y el conflcto. Quito: Rispergraf, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calvert, Peter. “Sovereignty and the Falklands crisis.” International Affirs 59, no. 3 (1983): 405–413.https://doi.org/10.2307/2618794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calvert, Peter. “Sovereignty and the Falklands crisis.” International Affirs 59, no. 3 (1983): 405–413.https://doi.org/10.2307/2618794.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz, Adolfo León Atehortúa. “El golpe de Rojas y el poder de los militares.” Folio 31 (2010): 33-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz, Adolfo León Atehortúa. “El golpe de Rojas y el poder de los militares.” Folio 31 (2010): 33-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Figueroa Pla, Uldaricio. La demanda marítima boliviana en los foros internacionales. Santiago: RIL Editores, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Figueroa Pla, Uldaricio. La demanda marítima boliviana en los foros internacionales. Santiago: RIL Editores, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes, Jarrod. “The democratic peace and the evolution of an old idea.” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4 (2012): 767-791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066111405859.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes, Jarrod. “The democratic peace and the evolution of an old idea.” European Journal of International Relations 18, no. 4 (2012): 767-791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066111405859.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuramoto, Renato Yoichi Ribeiro, and Carlos Roberto Appoloni. “Uma breve historia da politica nuclear brasileira.” Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física 19, no. 3 (2002): 379–392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuramoto, Renato Yoichi Ribeiro, and Carlos Roberto Appoloni. “Uma breve historia da politica nuclear brasileira.” Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física 19, no. 3 (2002): 379–392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuramoto, Renato Yoichi Ribeiro, and Carlos Roberto Appoloni. “A brief history of Brazilian nuclear policy.” Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física 19, no. 3 (2002): 379–392. [In Portuguese]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuramoto, Renato Yoichi Ribeiro, and Carlos Roberto Appoloni. “A brief history of Brazilian nuclear policy.” Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física 19, no. 3 (2002): 379–392. [In Portuguese]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Layne, Cristopher. “Kant or Cant: the myth of democratic peace.” International Security 19, no. 2 (1994): 5–49. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Layne, Cristopher. “Kant or Cant: the myth of democratic peace.” International Security 19, no. 2 (1994): 5–49. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macmillan, John. “Democracies don’t fiht: a case of the wrong research agenda.” Review of International Affirs 22, no. 3 (July 1996): 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500118558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macmillan, John. “Democracies don’t fiht: a case of the wrong research agenda.” Review of International Affirs 22, no. 3 (July 1996): 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500118558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantilla, Mauro Rozo. “El incidente de la corbeta ARC Caldas.” Cuaderno de Analisis 1 (2015): 47–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mantilla, Mauro Rozo. “El incidente de la corbeta ARC Caldas.” Cuaderno de Analisis 1 (2015): 47–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navarro, Marcos Ferreira. “Operación Cóndor: antecedentes, formacion y acciones.” Ab Initio 9 (2014): 153–179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navarro, Marcos Ferreira. “Operación Cóndor: antecedentes, formacion y acciones.” Ab Initio 9 (2014): 153–179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulsen, Karen. “Mujeres y ciudadanía: la consecución del sufragio femenino en el Perú (1933–1955).” Revista</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulsen, Karen. “Mujeres y ciudadanía: la consecución del sufragio femenino en el Perú (1933–1955).” Revista</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">del Instituto Riva-Agüero: RIRA 1, no. 2 (October 2016): 141–197. https://doi.org/10.18800/revistaira.201602.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">del Instituto Riva-Agüero: RIRA 1, no. 2 (October 2016): 141–197. https://doi.org/10.18800/revistaira.201602.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quitral, Maximo Rojas. “Chile y Bolivia: entre el abrazo de Charaña y sus elaciones economicas.” Revista Universum 25, no. 2 (2010): 139–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-23762010000200009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quitral, Maximo Rojas. “Chile y Bolivia: entre el abrazo de Charaña y sus elaciones economicas.” Revista Universum 25, no. 2 (2010): 139–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-23762010000200009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez, Alfredo Perez. “Crisis Internacional de endeudamiento y papel monetario mundial: callejon sin salida.” Afers Internacionals 14 (1988): 63–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez, Alfredo Perez. “Crisis Internacional de endeudamiento y papel monetario mundial: callejon sin salida.” Afers Internacionals 14 (1988): 63–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez, Wilder Alejandro, and Erica Illingworth. “Can governments negotiate with insurgents? The Latin American experience.” Small Wars and Insurgencies 28, no. 6 (2017): 1014–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2017.1374607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez, Wilder Alejandro, and Erica Illingworth. “Can governments negotiate with insurgents? The Latin American experience.” Small Wars and Insurgencies 28, no. 6 (2017): 1014–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2017.1374607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez, Wilder Alejandro. “Whatever happened to South America’s splendid little wars?” Small Wars and Insurgencies 22, no. 2 (2011): 322–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2011.573413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez, Wilder Alejandro. “Whatever happened to South America’s splendid little wars?” Small Wars and Insurgencies 22, no. 2 (2011): 322–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2011.573413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simpson, Sid. “Making liberal use of Kant? Democratic peace theory and Perpetual Peace.” International Relations 33, no. 1 (December 2018): 109-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117818811463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simpson, Sid. “Making liberal use of Kant? Democratic peace theory and Perpetual Peace.” International Relations 33, no. 1 (December 2018): 109-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117818811463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Starr, Harvey. “Democracy and integration: why democracies don’t fiht each other.” Journal of Peace Research 34, no. 2 (May 1997): 153–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343397034002003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starr, Harvey. “Democracy and integration: why democracies don’t fiht each other.” Journal of Peace Research 34, no. 2 (May 1997): 153–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343397034002003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torres-Vásquez, Henry. “La operación Cóndor y el terrorismo de estado.” Revista Eleuthera 20 (2019): 114–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/eleu.2019.20.7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torres-Vásquez, Henry. “La operación Cóndor y el terrorismo de estado.” Revista Eleuthera 20 (2019): 114–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/eleu.2019.20.7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ugarte, Renato Valenzuela, and Fernando Garcia Toso. “A treinta anos de la crisis del Beagle: desarrollo de un modelo de negociacion en la resolucion del conflcto.” Revista Politica y Estrategia 111 (2008): 29–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ugarte, Renato Valenzuela, and Fernando Garcia Toso. “A treinta anos de la crisis del Beagle: desarrollo de un modelo de negociacion en la resolucion del conflcto.” Revista Politica y Estrategia 111 (2008): 29–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
