cuadernosИбероамериканские тетрадиCuadernos Iberoamericanos2409-34162658-5219MGIMO10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-1-113-128cuadernos-482Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯINTERNATIONAL RELATIONSГендерное неравенство в Латинской АмерикеGender equality in Latin AmericaРебрейС. М.RebreyS. M.

Ребрей Софья Михайловна, к.экон.н., доцент кафедры мировой экономики

119454, Москва, просп. Вернадского, 76

Sofia M. Rebrey, PhD (Economics), Associate Professor, World Economy Department

119454, Moscow, Vernadskogo Ave., 76

s.rebrei@inno.mgimo.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation202208072022101113128Copyright © Ребрей С.М., 20222022Ребрей С.М.Rebrey S.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/482

Статья посвящена измерению уровня гендерного равенства в странах Латинской Америки на основе статистики международных (ВЭФ, ОЭСР, МОТ, ЮНЕСКО) и региональных (ЭКЛАК ООН) организаций и национальных статистических служб, а также различных индексов гендерного неравенства (GGI, SIGI). Гендерное равенство рассматривается в качестве одной из целей устойчивого развития, а гендерное неравенство – как тормоз на его пути. Исследование проведено в рамках институционального подхода, так как институты представляют собой формальные и неформальные ограничения, принятые в обществе, и обусловливают масштабы и факторы гендерного неравенства. Особое внимание уделяется осевым институтам, играющим первостепенную роль в создании, формировании и реализации человеческого капитала, а именно институтам семьи и рынка труда, образования и науки, государственного и корпоративного управления. Исследование показывает, что среди развивающихся экономик Латинская Америка демонстрирует весьма высокие показатели гендерного равенства как результат высокой степени феминизации рынков труда. Однако преобладание традиционного разделения труда в институте семьи нивелирует бонусы от участия женщин в оплачиваемом труде и усугубляет проблему двойного бремени: женщины оказываются зажаты в тисках, где с одной стороны – оплачиваемый труд, а с другой – неоплачиваемый домашний труд, в котором участвуют преимущественно женщины. Наиболее значимым фактором, позитивно влияющим на повышение гендерного равенства, видится доля женщин в управлении, тогда как уровень социально-экономического развития страны без специализированной политики, направленной на стимулирование гендерного равенства, не приводит к повышению последнего.

The article concerns measuring gender equality in Latin American countries based on statistics from international (WEF, OECD, ILO, UNESCO) and regional (UNECLAC) organizations and national statistical services, as well as various gender inequality indices (GGI, SIGI). Gender equality is seen as one of the goals of sustainable development, and gender inequality – as a brake on its path. The study is conducted within institutional approach, since institutions are formal and informal restrictions accepted in society and determine the scale and factors of gender inequality. Particular attention is paid to axial institutions that play a primary role in creation, formation and implementation of human capital, namely the institutions of the family and the labor market, education and science, state and corporate governance. The study shows that, among emerging economies, Latin America has very high levels of gender equality as a result of a high degree of feminization of labor markets among other factors. However, the predominance of traditional division of labor in institution of the family levels out the bonuses from participation of women in paid work and exacerbates the problem of a double burden: women are caught in a vise, where, on the one hand, there is a paid work, and, on the other, an unpaid domestic work, which falls mainly on women. The most significant factor that positively affects the increase in gender equality is the share of women in government, while the level of socio-economic development of the country without a specialized policy aimed at stimulating gender equality does not lead to an increase in the latter.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.