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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-1-38-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-477</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Советско-кубинские отношения после Карибского кризиса, крах разрядки и уроки на будущее</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soviet-Cuban relations after the Caribbean crisis, the collapse of détente and lessons for the future</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Б. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>B. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынов Борис Федорович, д.полит.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой международных отношений и внешней политики России</p><p>119454, Москва, просп. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris F. Martynov, Dr. habil. (Politics), Professor, Head of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia</p><p>119454, Moscow, Vernadskogo Ave., 76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bfmartynoff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартынов Б.Ф., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынов Б.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynov B.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/477">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/477</self-uri><abstract><p>Итоги Карибского кризиса в отечественной и зарубежной литературе редко освещались с точки зрения советско-кубинских отношений, которые повлияли на интернационалистскую политику Кубы в Африке в 1970-х гг. ХХ в. В статье анализируются степень самостоятельности политики Кубы в Африке, участие в этой политике СССР и справедливость обвинений, выдвинутых Вашингтоном. Результаты проведенного анализа показали, что отправка Кубой своих «добровольцев» сначала в Анголу, а затем и в Эфиопию осуществлялась не по инициативе СССР, который стремился сохранить разрядку в отношениях с Западом. Притом новое ухудшение отношений с Кубой в условиях обострения советско-китайских противоречий, усиление центробежных тенденций в «социалистическом содружестве» и появление «еврокоммунизма» угрожали дальнейшим ослаблением мировой системы социализма и размыванием идеологических основ марксизма-ленинизма. Однако обвинения в адрес СССР относительно вмешательства в Африку были использованы администрацией Дж. Картера для одностороннего отказа от политики разрядки, которая в глазах США себя изжила. Точку в окончании политики разрядки поставил Афганистан. Анализ интернационалистской активности Кубы в Африке позволил автору сделать ряд выводов касательно ее последствий для международного коммунистического движения и влияния на расстановку сил в мире накануне начала политики перестройки в Советском Союзе. Окончание политики разрядки не позволило СССР перенаправить средства, высвобождаемые от гонки вооружений, на улучшение условий жизни советского народа. Революционная активность Кубы способствовала расслоению ранее единого «фронта антиимпериалистических сил». Ослабление идеологических устоев «реального социализма» стало дополнительным фактором, который подвигнул советское руководство в лице М.С. Горбачева к началу политики «перестройки». «Успехи» Кубы в Африке способствовали консолидации кубинского общества вокруг политики кубинской компартии, что, в свою очередь, помогло ей пережить трудности «особого периода в мирное время» начала 1990-х гг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of the Caribbean crisis in the domestic and foreign literature have rarely been covered from the point of view of the Soviet-Cuban relations that influenced the internationalist policy of Cuba in Africa in the 1970s. The author analyzes: the degree of independence of Cuba’s policy in Africa, the participation of the USSR in it and the fairness of accusations brought by Washington. The results of the analysis show that deploying of Cuban “volunteers” in Angola and then in Ethiopia was not initiated by the USSR, which aimed at maintaining détente in relations with the West. Moreover, new deterioration of relations with Cuba amid escalating Chinese-Soviet tensions, increasing centrifugal tendencies in the “socialist commonwealth” and emergence of “Eurocommunism” threatened to further weaken the “world system of socialism” and erode the ideological foundations of Marxism-Leninism. By analyzing Cuba’s internationalist activity in Africa, the author has been able to draw some conclusions about its implications for the international communist movement and its influence on the balance of power in the world before perestroika policy began in the Soviet Union. The end of détente policy did not allow the USSR to redirect the resources released from the arms race to improving the living conditions of the Soviet people. Cuban revolutionary activity contributed to fragmentation of the formerly united “upfront antiimperialist forces.” The weakening of the ideological foundations of “real socialism” was an additional factor that prompted the Soviet leadership, represented by Mikhail Gorbachev, to begin a policy of perestroika. Cuba’s ‘progress’ in Africa contributed to consolidation of Cuban society around the policy of the Cuban Communist Party, which, in turn, helped it to withstand the difficulties of the “peculiar period of peace” in the early 1990s.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Холодная война</kwd><kwd>Карибский кризис</kwd><kwd>политика разрядки</kwd><kwd>Ангола</kwd><kwd>Сомалийско-Эфиопский конфликт</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика Кубы</kwd><kwd>политика «перестройки»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cold War</kwd><kwd>Caribbean crisis</kwd><kwd>détente</kwd><kwd>Angola</kwd><kwd>the Somalia – Ethiopian conflict</kwd><kwd>foreign policy of Cuba</kwd><kwd>perestroika</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громогласова, Е.С. А.А. 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