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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-4-34-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспроприация и последствия: отношения Перу – США (1963–1975)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expropriation and consequence: Peru-United States relations (1963–1975)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромеро Сомер</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romero Somme</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гонcало Ромеро Сомер, профессор, факультет социальных наук, </p><p>15088, Лима, 1801 Университария авеню, Сан Мигель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gonzalo Romero Sommer, Associate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences,</p><p>15088, Lima, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gonzalo.romero@pucp.pe</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Папский католический университет Перу</institution><country>Перу</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pontifical Catholic University of Peru</institution><country>Peru</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ромеро Сомер Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ромеро Сомер Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romero Somme G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/461">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/461</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется характер американо-перуанских отношений в период с 1963 по 1975 годы посредством анализа спора о возможной экспроприации принадлежащей США Международной нефтяной компании. Правительство США проводило жесткую политику в отношении первого правительства Фернандо Белаунде, стремившегося к «особым» отношениям с США, и угрожало экономическими санкциями, если перуанское правительство не решит проблему в пользу компании. Явным доказательством этого стала угроза применения поправки Хикенлупера, предусматривающей наказание стран, экспроприировавших американские компании. После того как в 1968 году компания была экспроприирована революционным правительством вооруженных сил, правительство США по иронии судьбы было вынуждено проводить более гибкую политику, поскольку новый военный режим стремился диверсифицировать двусторонние отношения в биполярном контексте холодной войны. Политика США по поддержке Международной нефтяной компании имела долгосрочные негативные последствия для интересов США в регионе, поскольку ускорила свержение Белаунде и привела к приходу военной хунты, стремившейся к более независимой внешней политике. Страна, которая с конца Второй мировой войны прочно находилась в лагере США, стала неприсоединившейся. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article studies the nature of Peru-United States relations during the period 1963–1975 through an analysis of the dispute over the potential expropriation of the US-owned International Petroleum Company. The United States government implemented a tough policy towards the first government of Fernando Belaúnde – who sough a “special” relation with the Unites States –characterized by the threat of economic sanctions if the Peruvian government did not solve the issue in favor of the company. The threat of the Hickenlooper Amendment, which sought to penalize countries that expropriated American owned businesses, was a clear sign of this. Once the company was expropriated by the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces in 1968 the American government was ironically forced to follow a more flexible approach, as the new military regime sought to diversify its bilateral relations in the bipolar context of the Cold War. The American policy of supporting the IPC had negative long-term effects fo American interests in the region, as it accelerated the overthrown of Belaúnde and ushered in the arrival of a military junta which sought a more independent foreign policy. A country that had been solid American ally camp since the end of World War II had become a nonaligned nation. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иностранная помощь</kwd><kwd>транснациональные корпорации</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>природные ресурсы</kwd><kwd>перуанско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>перуанско-советские отношения</kwd><kwd>экономические санкции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cold war</kwd><kwd>economic sanctions</kwd><kwd>foreign aid</kwd><kwd>multinational companies</kwd><kwd>natural resources</kwd><kwd>Peru-United States relations</kwd><kwd>Peru-Soviet Union relations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candela Jiménez, Emilio. “Los hidrocarburos en el Perú (19311968).” In: Historia del Petróleo en el Perú, edited by Margarita Guerra, 169–230. 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