<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-3-108-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-456</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые реалии европейского рынка труда. В фокусе – Испания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New realities of European labour market. Focus on Spain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермольева</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolieva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермольева Элеонора Георгиевна - к.э.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>115035, Москва, ул. Большая Ордынка, 21/16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eleonora G. Ermolieva - PhD (Economics), Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Latin America</p><p>115035, Moscow, Bolshaya Ordynka St., 21/16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Латинской Америки РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермольева Э.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермольева Э.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermolieva E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/456">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/456</self-uri><abstract><p>Европейский рынок труда, являясь неотъемлемой частью рынка глобального, в настоящий момент находится под влиянием макроэкономических сдвигов, склонных к цикличности, когда периоды позитивного роста сменяются рецессиями. Нестабильность экономики Европы в период затяжного кризиса, начавшегося в 2008 г., привела к неустойчивому состоянию национальных рынков труда, росту безработицы, распространению нестандартных форм найма, а также временному трудоустройству. Следующий цикл, получивший определение «новой нормы» и использовавшийся для описания социально-экономических последствий глобальной рецессии, оказался довольно недолговременным в вопросе стабилизации сферы занятости – на мир в начале 2020 г. обрушилась пандемия коронавирусной инфекции, которая привела к беспрецедентным и повсеместным потерям рабочих мест. В числе наиболее пострадавших оказались южноевропейские государства, в том числе и Испания. На примере иберийской проблематики автор стремится показать сложность ситуации, вызванной последствиями пандемии, и проанализировать некоторые меры, предпринимаемые испанским правительством в борьбе с новым кризисом. Для снижения уровня безработицы и сохранения рабочих мест Испания, вслед за соседями по Евросоюзу, ввела режим краткосрочной неполной занятости, которая подразумевает временное приостановление трудовых контрактов. Данные меры принесли определенные результаты, однако сравнительный межстрановой анализ показал их более низкую эффективность, чем в государствах центра и севера Европы. Согласно прогнозам, испанский рынок труда будет восстанавливаться медленно. В качестве стимула решено провести новую трудовую реформу в целях уменьшения исторически свойственной Испании дуальности рынка труда, расширив возможности для занятости молодежи. Насколько успешными окажутся эти инициативы действующего правительства, покажет ближайшее будущее. На этом пути требуется достижение существенного политического консенсуса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The European labour market, being an integral part of the global one, is currently under the influence of cyclical macroeconomic trends when periods of positive growth are replaced by crises and economic recessions. The instability of the European economy during the protracted crisis, which started in 2008, led to the labour market slack, an increase in unemployment and the spread of nonstandard forms of employment. The post crisis period defined as the “new norm” and used to describe the socio-economic impact of the global recession, turned out to be short to stabilize working sectors: in early 2020 the world was struck down by the COVID-19 pandemic which caused unprecedented and widespread job loss. Countries of Southern Europe, including Spain, were among the most deeply affected. By using the Iberian case, the author tries to show the main patterns of employment situation during the pandemic and analyze the steps taken by the Spanish government to prevent further employment decline. To reduce unemployment and preserve jobs, Spain, following its neighbors’ model, introduced a shortterm underemployment regime (ERTE) which implies a temporary suspension of labour contracts. These measures had certain results; however, a cross-country analysis reveals their lower efficiency in comparison with the achievements in the states of the center and north of Europe. Spanish employment sector is predicted to recover slowly. The future will show how successful these initiatives of the Spanish government will be. However, on this path, a greater political consensus should be achieved.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Испания</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>дистанционная работа</kwd><kwd>трудовая реформа</kwd><kwd>дуальность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>labour market</kwd><kwd>teleworking and hybrid employment</kwd><kwd>labour reform</kwd><kwd>duality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Говорова, Н.В. Европейский рынок труда в условиях пандемической реальности // Современная Европа. – 2020. – № 7. – С. 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020128139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Govorova, N.V. “European Labour Market in Pandemic Reality.” Sovremennaya Evropa 7 (2020): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020128139. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Испания в новой национальной и международной реальности / Отв. ред. П.П. Яковлев, А.А. Куракина-Дамир. – М.: ИЛА РАН, 2020. – 225 с. https://doi.org/10.37656/978-5-6043459-4-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev, P.P., Kurákina–Damir A.A., eds. Spain in a new national and international realities. Moscow: ILA RAS, 2020. https://doi.org/10.37656/978-5-6043459-4-8. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синявская, О.В. и др. Платформенная занятость: определение и регулирование. – Москва: НИУ ВШЭ, 2021. – 77 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinyavskaya, O.V. et al. Platform employment: definition and regulation. Moscow: HSE University, 2021. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuentes, Natalia Martín, and Isabella Moder. “The scarring effects of past crises on the global economy.” ECB Economic Bulletin 8 (2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuentes, Natalia Martín, and Isabella Moder. “The scarring effects of past crises on the global economy.” ECB Economic Bulletin 8 (2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khenkin, Serguéy. “La Sociedad española en el reflejo de la pandemia.” Iberoamérica 1 (2021): 5-27. https://doi.org/10.37656/s20768400-2021-1-01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khenkin, Serguéy. “La Sociedad española en el reflejo de la pandemia.” Iberoamérica 1 (2021): 5-27. https://doi.org/10.37656/s20768400-2021-1-01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lafuente, Cristina, Raül Santaeulàlia–Llopis, and Ludo Visschers. “Temping fates in Spain: hours and employment in a dual labor market during the Great Recession and COVID–19”. SERIEs – Journal of the Spanish Economic Association (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-021-00257-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lafuente, Cristina, Raül Santaeulàlia–Llopis, and Ludo Visschers. “Temping fates in Spain: hours and employment in a dual labor market during the Great Recession and COVID–19”. SERIEs – Journal of the Spanish Economic Association (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-021-00257-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Las Heras, Mireia, and Maria Barraza, eds. A Sustainable Work Model: Towards Remote and in the Office Work. Pamplona: University of Navarra, 2021. https://media.iese.edu/research/pdfs/ST-0610-E.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Las Heras, Mireia, and Maria Barraza, eds. A Sustainable Work Model: Towards Remote and in the Office Work. Pamplona: University of Navarra, 2021. https://media.iese.edu/research/pdfs/ST-0610-E.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramos, Raul, Esteban Sanromá, and Hipólito Simón. “Collective bargaining levels, employment and wage inequality in Spain.” Journal of Policy Modeling (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2021.09.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramos, Raul, Esteban Sanromá, and Hipólito Simón. “Collective bargaining levels, employment and wage inequality in Spain.” Journal of Policy Modeling (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2021.09.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodríguez Hernández, José Enrique. “Part–time employment versus underemployment of mothers and women in Spain.” Labour History 62, no. 5-6 (2021): 575-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2021.1910803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodríguez Hernández, José Enrique. “Part–time employment versus underemployment of mothers and women in Spain.” Labour History 62, no. 5-6 (2021): 575-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2021.1910803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sostero, Matteo et al. “Teleworkability and the COVID–19 crisis: a new digital divide?” JRC Working Papers Series on Labour, Education and Technology 5 (2020). https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/jrc121193.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sostero, Matteo et al. “Teleworkability and the COVID–19 crisis: a new digital divide?” JRC Working Papers Series on Labour, Education and Technology 5 (2020). https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/jrc121193.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yákovlev, Petr, and Ilona Gritsenko, eds. Rusia y España durante la inestabilidad global. Moscú: ILA RAS, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yákovlev, Petr, and Ilona Gritsenko, eds. Rusia y España durante la inestabilidad global. Moscú: ILA RAS, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
