<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-3-67-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Войны памяти» в разделенных обществах: испанский случай</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The “memory wars” in divided societies: the case of Spain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренко</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenko</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прохоренко Ирина Львовна - д.полит.н., заведующая сектором международных организаций и глобального политического регулирования</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina L. Prokhorenko - Dr. habil. (Politics), Head, Sector of International Organizations and Global Political Regulation</p><p>117997, Moscow, Profsoyuznaya St., 23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinapr@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прохоренко И.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прохоренко И.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokhorenko I.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/453">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/453</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье с использованием идентитарного подхода и дискурсанализа изучается острый политический конфликт в сегодняшней Испании по поводу исторической памяти, угрожающий солидарности и гражданской идентичности испанцев, а также политической стабильности в обществе, разделенном по множеству признаков – экономическим, социальным, территориальным, культурным, ценностным, этническим, языковым и иным, которые приобрели или обретают политическое измерение и сознательно политизируются. Анализируются альтернативные политики памяти, которые декларируют и проводят различные конкурирующие между собой субъекты политического процесса на страновом уровне, прежде всего, правительственные и оппозиционные партии. Рассматривается отражение властного дискурса нынешнего левого коалиционного правительства по вопросам прошлого Испании в медиасфере страны с целью понимания масштабов и остроты общественно-политической дискуссии по ключевым проблемам истории и памяти Испании. Автор использует историческую метафору конфликта «двух Испаний» в оценке «войн памяти» в поликультурном и разделенном испанском обществе, выявляя краткосрочные (в преддверии очередных всеобщих парламентских выборов, которые должны пройти в 2022 г.) и долгосрочные стратегические риски для инклюзивного нациестроительства и устойчивого развития страны. Сделан вывод о том, что разделение по партийно-идеологическому принципу является осевым (доминирующим) в «войнах памяти», несмотря на сохраняющий свою остроту вертикальный конфликт между центром и отдельными партикуляристски настроенными регионами (прежде всего, Каталонией), в рамках которого также присутствуют попытки заново оценить, анонимизировать, присвоить себе или мифологизировать те или иные исторические события или личности. В настоящее время противостояние «правых» и «левых» в оценках Второй Республики в Испании, статистики жертв с обеих сторон в годы гражданской войны, режима генерала Франко, успешности демократического транзита в постфранкистский период и других «трудных» вопросов испанского прошлого оказывается более эмоционально окрашенным, глубоким и агрессивным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author, using the identity approach and discourse analysis explores a serious political conflict in today’s Spain about historical memory, threatening solidarity and civilian identity of the Spaniards and also political stability in the society, divided on a variety of characteristics – economic, social, territorial, cultural, value, ethnic, linguistic, etc., which have acquired or are acquiring a political dimension. The alternative politics of memory, which are declared and carried out by different competing actors of political process at the country level, first of all being government and opposition parties, are analyzed in the article. The expression of authorities’ discourse of the present left coalition government on the issues of Spanish past in the country’s mediasphere is considered to understand the extent and depth of public and political debate on key problems of Spanish history and memory. The author uses a historical metaphor of conflict of the “two Spains” to assess “memory wars” in Spanish society, multicultural and divided on various grounds, identifying short-term (with a view of forthcoming general parliamentary elections, which will take place in 2022) and long-term strategic risks for inclusive nation-building and sustainable development of the country. A conclusion is made that a division based on party ideological principles is axial (dominant) in “memory wars”, despite the remaining sharpness of the vertical conflict between center and some particularist regions (primarily Catalonia); within the frame of this conflict there are attempts to reassess, anonymize, and get a hold of or mythologize various historic events and personas. Nowadays the dispute between “rightists” and “leftists” in assessment of Second Spanish Republic, number of victims on both sides during the civil war, Francoist regime, success of democratic transition in post-Francoist period and other “difficult” questions across Spanish past becomes more emotionally charged, deep and aggressive.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Политика памяти</kwd><kwd>«войны памяти»</kwd><kwd>разделенные общества</kwd><kwd>Испания</kwd><kwd>конфликт «двух Испаний»</kwd><kwd>политика идентичности</kwd><kwd>национальная идентичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Politics of memory</kwd><kwd>“memory wars”</kwd><kwd>divided societies</kwd><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>conflict of “two Spains”</kwd><kwd>identity politics</kwd><kwd>national identity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономарева, Л.В. Испанский католицизм XX века. – М.: Наука, 1989. – 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomareva, L.V. Spanish Catholicism of the 20th Century. Moscow: Nauka, 1989. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прохоренко, И.Л. Испанский опыт регулирования межнациональных отношений и инокультурной иммиграции // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. – 2015. – № 12 (59). – C. 80–89. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-80-89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prokhorenko, I.L. “Spanish Experience of Interethnic Relations and Foreign Migration Regulation.” World Eсonomy and International Relations 59, no. 12 (2015): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-80-89. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семененко И.С., Лапкин В.В., Пантин В.И. Социальные размежевания и политические противостояния в научном дискурсе: критерии оценки и классификации // Полис. Политические исследования. – 2021. – № 5. – C. 56–77. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.05.05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenenko, I.S., Lapkin, V.V., and Pantin, V.I. “Social Cleavages and Political Divides in a Theoretical Perspective: Criteria for Assessment and Classification.” Polis. Political Studies 5 (2021): 56–77. https:// doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.05.05. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хенкин, С.М. Испания: проблемы консолидированной демократии в сравнительно-историческом кон- тексте // Сравнительная политика. – 2018. – № 1 (9). – С. 124–135. https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2018-00010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knenkin, S.M. “Spain: Problems of Consolidated Democracy in a Comparative Historical Context.” Comparative Politics Russia 9, no. 1 (2018): 124–135. https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2018-00010. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernhard, Michael, and Jan Kubik. Twenty Years after Communism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199375134.001.0001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernhard, Michael, and Jan Kubik. Twenty Years after Communism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199375134.001.0001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd, Carolyn Patricia. “The Politics of History and Memory in Democratic Spain.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1, no. 617 (2008): 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207312760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd, Carolyn Patricia. “The Politics of History and Memory in Democratic Spain.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1, no. 617 (2008): 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207312760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaz-Foncea, Millan, and Carmen Marcuello. “Social Economy in Spain: Economic Crisis and Society.” In The New Social and Impact Economy, edited by Benjamin Gidron, and Anna Domaradzka, 61–182. University of Zaragoza, 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaz-Foncea, Millan, and Carmen Marcuello. “Social Economy in Spain: Economic Crisis and Society.” In The New Social and Impact Economy, edited by Benjamin Gidron, and Anna Domaradzka, 61–182. University of Zaragoza, 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gómez, María Dolores Molleda. Pedro Poveda, hombre de Dios. Madrid: Narcea Ediciones, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gómez, María Dolores Molleda. Pedro Poveda, hombre de Dios. Madrid: Narcea Ediciones, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linz, Juan. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, London: Lynne Riener Publisher, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linz, Juan. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, London: Lynne Riener Publisher, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipset, Seymur Martin, and Stein Rokkan, eds. Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: Free Press, 1967.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipset, Seymur Martin, and Stein Rokkan, eds. Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: Free Press, 1967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Memos, Christos. “Political Crisis and the Crisis of Modernity.” In Global Economic Crisis as Social Hieroglyphic, edited by Christos Memos, 40–65. London: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315107936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Memos, Christos. “Political Crisis and the Crisis of Modernity.” In Global Economic Crisis as Social Hieroglyphic, edited by Christos Memos, 40–65. London: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315107936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrović, Rajko. “Is Spain Threatened by a Permanent Political Crisis?” The Review of International Affairs 72, no. 1181 (2021): 55–73. https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_ria.2021.72.1181.4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrović, Rajko. “Is Spain Threatened by a Permanent Political Crisis?” The Review of International Affairs 72, no. 1181 (2021): 55–73. https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_ria.2021.72.1181.4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva, Emilio, and Santiago Macias. Las fosas de Franco: Los republicanos que el dictador dejó en las cunetas. Madrid: Temas de Hoy, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva, Emilio, and Santiago Macias. Las fosas de Franco: Los republicanos que el dictador dejó en las cunetas. Madrid: Temas de Hoy, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
