cuadernosИбероамериканские тетрадиCuadernos Iberoamericanos2409-34162658-5219MGIMO10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-3-54-73cuadernos-414Research ArticleИСТОРИЯHISTORYРусская иммиграция в Бразилию в первой половине XX века: миграционные пути и модели адаптацииRussian immigration to Brazil in the first half of the 20th century: migration routes and adaptation patternsРусеишвилиС. А.RuseishviliS. A.

Русеишвили Светлана Альбертовна, доктор социологии (PhD), координаторКафедры Сержио Виейра ди Мелло; доцент Факультета социологии

CEP 13565-905, Бразилия, Сан-Карлос, SP-310, ш. Вашингтон Луис, 235 км

Svetlana A. Ruseishvili, PhD, Coordinator, Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello (UNHCR/UFSCar); Adjunct Professor, Sociological Department

CEP 13565-905, Brazil, São Carlos, SP-310, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235

svetlana@ufscar.brФедеральный университет города Сан-Карлос, штат Сан-ПаулуБразилияFederal University of São CarlosBrazil202011032021835473Copyright © Русеишвили С.А., 20212021Русеишвили С.А.Ruseishvili S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/414

В статье рассматриваются три основные волны русскоязычной им- миграции в Бразилию в целом и в частности в штат Сан-Паулу и его одноименную столицу, на протяжении первой половины XX века. Под первой волной подразумевается период с 1921 до конца 1930-х годов. Для данного периода рассматривается приезд солдат и офицеров Белой армии, «врангелевцев», в 1921 году; переселение русскоязычных крестьян из румынской Бессарабии в 1923-1930-х годах; а также «вторичная» миграция нансеновских беженцев из Европы на протяжении 1930-х годов. Вторая волна представляла собой послевоенное переселение русских перемещенных лиц (так называемых ДиПи), а третья – переселение русских из Китая на протяжении 1950-х годов. Автор опирается на источники из государственных и частных архивов (включая источники, местом хранения которых являются бразильские депозитарии информации) – такие, как русскоязычные периодические издания в Бразилии, нормативные акты местного правительства, а также интервью с потомками русских эмигрантов. Автор проводит сравнительный анализ условий и особенностей каждой из поименованных миграционных волн, на основе чего делается вывод о необходимости рассмотрения паттернов адаптации русскоязычных мигрантов в Бразилии в свете политических и экономических условий страны в каждый отдельный обозначенный исторический период их прибытия. Отмечается также, что антисоветские настроения в бразильской политике начиная с середины 1930-х годов отрицательно повлияли на сохранение русского языка и русской культуры в стране.

In the article under consideration, the author examines three main waves of the Russian-speaking immigration to Brazil and, particularly, to the State of São Paulo and its capital of the same name, during the first half of the 20th century. The first wave refers to the period from 1921 to the late 1930s. We consider the arrival of general Wrangel’s soldiers and officers, in 1921; the resettlement of Russian-speaking farmers from Romanian Bessarabia in 1923-1930s; and the ‘secondary’ migration of Nansen refugees from Europe during the 1930s. The second wave represents the post-war subsidized migration of Russian displaced persons (DPs), and the third one is the resettlement of the Russians from China during the 1950s. The author relies on a vast number of authentic sources from public and private archives, such as Russian-language periodicals in Brazil, Brazilian regulatory acts, and interviews with the descendants of Russian emigrants. Delivering a comparative analysis of the aforementioned waves the author concludes that the patterns of the Russian speakers’ adaptation in Brazil need to be considered in the light of political and economic conditions in the country in a particular period of immigrants’ arrival. It is also noted that anti-Soviet sentiments in Brazilian politics, starting from the mid-1930s, had a negative impact on preservation of the Russian language and Russian culture in the country.

Русская эмиграцияперемещенные лицарусские из КитаяСан-ПаулуБразилияRussian emigrationdisplaced personsRussians from ChinaSão PauloBrazilАвтор выражает благодарность Инне Викторовне Русеишвили-Гарбелотто за внимательное чтение и важные комментарии к статье.The author expresses her profound gratitude to Inna V. Ruseishvili-Garbelotto for her attention and detailed comments on the article concerned.ReferencesМосейкина, М.Н. Русская эмиграция в странах Латинской Америки в 1920-30 годы // Российская история. – 2010. – №3. – С. 98-115.Moseikina, M.N. “Russkaia emigratsia v stranakh Latinskoi Ameriki v 1920-1930 godi” [Russian emigration in the Latin American countries in the 1920-1930s]. Russian History 3 (2010): 98-115. [In Russian]Мосейкина, М.Н. Русские в странах Латинской Америки в 20-30-е гг. ХХ в.: повседневность колонизации // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.