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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-2-31-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Левые и правые популисты в Испании: от истоков до пандемии коронавируса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Left and right populists in Spain: from origins to COVID pandemics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandr.dunaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр проблем безопасности и развития при факультете мировой политики МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Security and Development Studies, School of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дунаев А.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дунаев А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dunaev A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/402">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/402</self-uri><abstract><p>После смерти Франко в 1975 году в Испании произошел переход к демократии, сопровождавшийся складыванием двухпартийной партийно-политической системы. Хотя в целом этот переход носил мирный характер, он не решил целый ряд важных проблем испанского общества, которые приобрели первостепенное значение в последнее десятилетие. Особенности режима, закрепленного Конституцией 1978 года, вместе с последствиями финансово-экономического кризиса 2008-2010 годов, создали ту питательную среду, в которой в 2010-е годы выросли популистские партии. В настоящей статье рассмотрены кризис постфранкистской политической модели как предпосылка возникновения популистских партий, особенности их программ, а также действия, предпринятые ими в условиях пандемии коронавируса. Автор отмечает, что к 2014 году сложилась ситуация, в которой основные партии страны либо продемонстрировали неготовность решать насущные проблемы, либо предложили решения, неприемлемые для значительной части населения. В такой ситуации социальный протест начал обретать свою политическую форму. Появление популистов в электоральном поле в значительной степени обновило политическую повестку страны, оживив дискуссии по актуальным вопросам и заставив меняться «тяжеловесов» испанской политики – социалистов и Народную партию. Автор заключает, что трансформация политического дискурса способна привести к обновлению всей политической системы страны и поиску новых решений для вопросов, которые остаются ключевыми в политической повестке Испании на протяжении последних десятилетий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>After Franco’s death in 1975, a transition to democracy took place in Spain, accompanied by formation of a two-party system. While the overall transition was peaceful, it did not solve a number of important problems in Spanish society that became of paramount importance over the past decade. The peculiarities of the regime enshrined in the 1978 Constitution, combined with the consequences of the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2010, created the breeding ground in which populist parties formed in 2010s. The article examines the crisis of the post-Francoist political model as a prerequisite for emergence of populist parties, particularities of their programs, as well as the actions taken by them in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic. The author notes that by 2014 there developed a situation when the main parties of the country either demonstrated an unwillingness to solve pressing problems or proposed solutions that were unacceptable for a significant part of the population. In such a situation, social protest began to take its political form. The emergence of populists in the electoral field has largely renewed the country’s political agenda, revitalizing discussions on topical issues and forcing a change with the ‘heavyweights’ of Spanish politics – the Socialists and the People’s Party. The author concludes that transformation of political discourse can lead to a renewal of an entire political system of the country and a search for some new solutions to issues that remain key on the political agenda of Spain over the past decades.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Испания</kwd><kwd>популизм</kwd><kwd>кризис</kwd><kwd>пандемия коронавируса</kwd><kwd>двухпартийная модель</kwd><kwd>Podemos</kwd><kwd>Vox</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>populism</kwd><kwd>crisis</kwd><kwd>COVID pandemics</kwd><kwd>bipartisanship</kwd><kwd>Podemos</kwd><kwd>Vox</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дунаев, А.Л. Финансовая помощь как инструмент политического принуждения: уроки европейского долгового кризиса // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 25. 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