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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cuadernos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ибероамериканские тетради</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cuadernos Iberoamericanos</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-3416</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2409-3416-2019-4-58-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cuadernos-380</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗДЕЛ I. РЕГИОНЫ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ИСПАНИИ: ПАРАДИГМЫ ИСТОРИИ И МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SECTION I. IBERO-AMERICA IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT: PARADIGM OF HISTORY AND MODERNIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Rusia y España en el contexto global de las guerras comerciales</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia and Spain in the midst of global trade wars</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Yákovlev</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Petr P. Yákovlev, Dr. Titular en Ciencias Económicas, Jefe del Centro de Estudios Ibéricos del Instituto de Latinoamérica de la Academia de Ciencias Rusa; profesor de la Universidad Económica Rusa Plekhanov</p><p>Moscú</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr P. Yakovlev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrp.yakovlev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Instituto de Latinoamérica de la Academia de Ciencias Rusa; Universidad Económica Rusa Plekhanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Yákovlev P., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Yákovlev P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovlev P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/380">https://www.iberpapers.org/jour/article/view/380</self-uri><abstract><p>En los últimos años la economía mundial se ha vuelto más inestable, y las relaciones entre países de diferentes regiones han empeorado. A veces se puede hablar de los combates económicos internacionales. Al parecer, las principales razones de esta situación son las siguientes: así llamadas guerras comerciales; el neoproteccionismo; las sanciones financieras y de otra índole. Muchos países del mundo, entre ellos Rusia y España, son víctimas de uno o varios rasgos de este fenómeno. En el centro de los combates económicos están, sin duda alguna, las guerras comerciales. Es un tipo de contradicciones internacionales que tiene una historia bien larga, pero la ola moderna fue provocada por la política económica del presidente Donald Trump. Según su opinión, la raíz de los problemas económicos de Estados Unidos está en su déficit comercial con China, Unión Europea, México y algunos otros países del mundo. Partiendo de la idea que “las guerras comerciales son buenas y fáciles de ganar”, Washington rompió unilateralmente los acuerdos establecidos: el acuerdo Transpacífico, de Paris sobre cambio climático, con Irán, con México y Canadá. Además, Trump subió aranceles de cientos de productos industriales importados por Estados Unidos (acero, aluminio, lavadoras, paneles solares, etc.) y atacó a la Unión Europea amenazando subir aranceles para automóviles. Lo más negativo es que las guerras comerciales, desatadas por Casa Blanca, tendrán consecuencias directas e indirectas duraderas para el estado de la economía global. Rusia y España dependen mucho de los mercados internacionales. Por eso las complicaciones en el comercio mundial trabajan contra los intereses de ambos países.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, the world economy has become more unstable and relations between countries in different regions have deteriorated. As a result, we can talk about an international economic confrontation. The main reasons for this situation seem to be traceable: so-called trade wars, neo-protectionism, financial and other sanctions. Many countries around the world, including Russia and Spain, are victims of one or more aspects of the phenomenon. Trade wars are undoubtedly at the heart of economic battles. They have a long history, but the current wave of trade wars has been driven by President Donald Trump’s economic policies. In his opinion, the root of the U.S. economic problems lies in its trade deficit with China, the European Union, Mexico and some other countries of the world. With the idea that “trade wars are good and easy to win”, Washington unilaterally tore up the agreements reached: the Paris climate accord, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the nuclear deal with Iran, the free trade agreement with Mexico and Canada. In addition, Trump has raised tariffs on hundreds of manufactured goods imported by the United States (steel, aluminum, washing machines, solar panels, etc.) and threatened the European Union with higher tariffs on cars. The trade wars unleashed by the White House will have long-term direct and indirect consequences for the state of the world economy. Russia and Spain are heavily dependent on international markets. That is why complications in world trade are contrary to the interests of both countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Rusia</kwd><kwd>España</kwd><kwd>inestabilidad global</kwd><kwd>política económica de D. Trump</kwd><kwd>guerras comerciales</kwd><kwd>neoproteccionismo</kwd><kwd>sanciones económico-financieras</kwd><kwd>intereses de empresas rusas y españolas</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>global instability</kwd><kwd>D. Trump’s economic policy</kwd><kwd>trade wars</kwd><kwd>neo-protectionism</kwd><kwd>economic and financial sanctions</kwd><kwd>interests of Russian and Spanish companies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yákovlev P. P. La globalización 3.0 y su impacto en España y Rusia // Iberoamérica, 2017, № 3. P. 5–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yákovlev P. P. La globalización 3.0 y su impacto en España y Rusia // Iberoamérica, 2017, № 3. 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